摘要
权势关系是汉语中一种重要的语用关系,由权势关系引发了一系列的语言现象。构词上,内含"上、高"类语素的词语对应于高权势特征名词和低权势动词;内含"下、低"类语素的词语对应于低权势特征名词和高权势动词。句法上,动词的权势特征对句式的选择也有着制约作用,如"把"字句、"兼语句"、"对"字句、"向"字句等句式都与权势特征有关;权势特征制约着形式动词、趋向动词的使用;一些构式如"在NP的VP下""NP_1在NP_2的VP中""VP下""VP上"等也具有权势色彩。从篇章角度看,低权势者对高权势者的话语常常采用较正式的语体。
Power relationship is an important pragmatic relationship in Chinese, and a series of linguistic phenomena has beentriggered by the power relationship. In terms of word formation, words with ＂upper （上） and higher （高） ＂ morphemes correspond to high-power nouns and low-power verbs; words with ＂down （下） and lower（低）＂ morphemes correspond to low-power nouns and high- power verbs. Syntactically, the power features of verbs also have a restrictive effect on the choice of sentence patterns. For example, the sentences with ＂Ba（把）＂, ＂To （对）＂, ＂Toward（向）＂ and subjective-object sentences are related to the characteristics of power. Formal verbs, directional verbs, and some constructs such as ＂under VP of NP＂, ＂NP1 in VP of NP2＂, ＂under VP＂, and ＂over VP＂ are also restricted by powerful relationships. From the point of discourse, people of lower social status often use more formal styles in thediscourses with people with power.
作者
张欣
Zhang Xin(College of Chinese Language and Literature,Dali University,Dali,Yunnan 671003,China)
出处
《大理大学学报》
CAS
2018年第7期48-53,共6页
Journal of Dali University
基金
大理大学博士科研启动费项目"现代汉语权势关系动词研究"(KYBS201629)
关键词
权势关系
语用
构词
句法
语体
互动
power relationships
pragmatics
word formation
syntax
discourse
interaction
