摘要
1929—1933年,因资本主义世界经济大危机的影响,华侨在南洋地区赖以依存的树胶、锡矿、大米价格惨跌,华商破产,华工失业的大潮开始在南洋地区蔓延开来。南洋各地方当局为控制失业人数,维护社会治安,开始颁布人口入境条例,严控外来人口入境,并大肆遣返失业华工。在此背景下,大量失业华侨迁入国内,而有意南渡者亦出国遇阻,因此形成了近代史上华侨回迁的独特现象。南洋华侨的回迁,不仅增加了国内劳动力市场的就业压力,而且使得本已极度衰弱的国内经济雪上加霜。与此同时,为救济归国失业华侨,社会各界积极捐款、捐物,建言献策,从而掀起了一股广泛救济华侨的社会风潮。而中央和地方政府为帮助海内外华侨早日走出困境,也纷纷出台多项措施纾解侨困,力图救济与扶持早已命悬一线的华侨同胞与华侨经济。
From 1929 to 1933,due to the economic crisis in the capitalist world,the prices of gum,tin ore,and rice overseas Chinese in Southeast Asia depended on fell sharply,Chinese businesses went bankrupt and the tide of unemployment of Chinese workers began to spread. In order to control the number of unemployed people and maintain public order,local authorities began to issue immigration regulations,strictly control the entry of foreign residents,and repatriate large numbers of unemployed Chinese workers. In this context,the unemployed overseas Chinese returned to China and those wished to go south also encountered obstacles,so a unique phenomenon of the return of overseas Chinese was formed in modern history.The migration of overseas Chinese not only increased the employment pressure on the domestic labor market,but also made the already extremely weak domestic economy even worse; at the same time,in order to provide relief to the unemployed overseas Chinese,all sectors of society actively donated money,donated goods,and made advice and suggestions which set off a wave of widespread social relief. In order to help overseas Chinese get rid of difficulties,the central and local governments also took various measures to alleviate their difficulties and tried to provide relief and support to overseas Chinese compatriots and overseas Chinese economy in difficult situations.
作者
黄昆
HUANG Kun(Department of History,Anhui University,Hefei 230039,China)
出处
《海南热带海洋学院学报》
2018年第3期38-44,共7页
Journal of Hainan Tropical Ocean University
基金
国家社科基金项目(15XZW015)
关键词
大萧条时期
南洋华侨
回迁
Great Depression
overseas Chinese in Southeast Asia
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