摘要
利用2014—2016年的中国气象局地面观测资料和中国环境保护部公布的6种大气污染物浓度数据,对降雨天气前后的大气污染物浓度变化进行分析。结果表明:在京津冀、长三角和珠三角区域,降雨天气后6种大气污染物浓度降低的时次约占43%—60%,其中PM_(10)浓度降低最为明显,PM_(2.5)、O_3、SO_2和NO_2次之,最不明显的是CO。一般而言,降水天气前大气污染物浓度越高,降雨后浓度降低的时次所占比例越大,浓度降低值也越大,但当降雨天气前大气污染物浓度较低时,降雨天气后浓度升高的个例也很多,约占21%—61%。京津冀地区由于平均大气污染物浓度较高,降水天气对大气污染浓度的降低效果比长三角和珠三角地区更明显。对于大多数降雨时次,小时降水量越大,大气污染物浓度降低的时次所占比例越大,但浓度降低值反而越小。例外的是,小时雨强大于10 mm的降雨后,京津冀地区的O_3和SO_2浓度以及长三角地区的PM_(10)、PM_(2.5)和SO_2浓度降低程度不如小时雨强小于10 mm时;而珠三角地区的NO_2和O_3在降雨后的浓度变化对小时雨强不敏感。在京津冀地区,降雨天气对较大浓度的O_3清除作用非常明显。在长三角和珠三角地区,降雨前CO浓度较低时,降雨后浓度升高时次比浓度减小的多;另外,降雨天气对SO_2的清除作用非常明显。
Based on the surface observation data obtained from China Meteorological Administration （CMA） and six pollutants concentration obtained from the Ministry of Environmental Protection （MAP） of China from 2014 to 2016, the variation of air pollutant concentrations before and after precipitation was analyzed. The results show that the occurrence frequency of the decrease in six air pollutants concentration after precipitation is about 43 % -60 %. The decrease in PM10 concentration is most obvious,then in order of PME.5 ,O3 ,SO2 and NO2 ,and least in CO. O- verall, the larger of air pollutant concentrations before precipitation, the more frequently cases with decreasing concentration after precipitation occurs, and the larger the decrease value is. However, when air pollution concentrations are low before precipitation,there are many cases with increasing concentrations after precipitation, taking a proportion about 21%-61%. Because the mean air pollutant concentrations are very high in the Beijing-Tianjin- Hebei region, the decrease in air pollution concentrations is more obvious in this region than in the Yangtze River Delta region and the Pearl River Delta region. For most of the precipitation hours, the larger the hourly precipitation is, the proportion of hours with decreasing concentrations increases, but the decrease value is smaller. The difference is that when the hourly precipitation is larger than 10 mm, the decrease in 03 and SO2 concentrations in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region and in PM10, PM2.5 and SO2 concentrations over the Yangtze River Delta region is smaller than that when hourly precipitation is smaller than 10 ram. The variation of concentrations of NO2 and O3 in the Pearl River Delta region is not sensitive to the hourly precipitation. The effect of precipitation on the scavenging of O3 at a relatively large concentration is very obvious in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. In the Yangtze River Delta region and the Pearl River Delta region, when CO concentration before precipitation is
作者
安林昌
张恒德
李凯飞
AN Lin-chang;ZHANG Heng-de;LI Kai-fei(National Meteorological Center,Beijing 100081,China;Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences,Beijing 100081,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Nanjing University of Information Science ＆ Technology,Nanjing,210044,China)
出处
《气象与环境学报》
2018年第3期58-70,共13页
Journal of Meteorology and Environment
基金
国家重点研发计划课题(2016YFC0203301)
国家基金委重点研究项目(91644223)共同资助
关键词
降雨天气
大气污染物
空气质量
降雨强度
Precipitation event
Air pollutant
Air quality
Precipitation intensity
