摘要
19世纪后期是英国自由主义从传统向现代过渡的重要时期。放任主义危机浮现,功利主义地位上升,保守主义思潮亦强势崛起,个人自由取代政治自由逐渐占据自由主义的重心。在密尔和斯宾塞的深度诠释下,自由的本原不再是抽象的天赋权利,而是现实的功利考量,自由的内涵由政治自由逐渐延展到经济自由、个人自由和社会自由,自由的实现也由倚重制度设计转向在法律、市场和文化的良性互动中寻求突破。以严复为代表的近代思想家认定自由是英国之所以繁荣富强的根源,但当他试图引入自由思想并望其承负救亡图存之重任时,却又不可避免地陷入中西两种异质政治文化传统对冲引发的矛盾和悖论中。
The late nineteenth century was an important period for the transition of British liberalism from tradition to modernity. With the emergence of the crisis of laissez faire, the rise of utilitarianism and the rise of conservatism, individual freedom to replace political freedom has gradually occupied the focus of liberalism. According to Mill and Spencer's deep interpretation, the essence of freedom is no longer abstract natural right, but practical utilitarian considerations. The connotation of freedom is gradually extended from political freedom to economic freedom, individual freedom and social freedom. The realization of freedom is also changed from the design of reliance system to seeking breakthrough in the virtuous interaction of law, market and culture. The modern thinker, represented by Yan Fu, thought that the root of the prosperity of Britain is freedom. But when he tried to introduce freedom thought and hoped to bear the responsibility of saving the nation from subjugation, he inevitably falled into the contradiction and paradox arising from the hedging of the two kinds of different political and cultural traditions between China and the West.
出处
《中国政法大学学报》
CSSCI
2018年第4期84-94,共11页
Journal Of CUPL
基金
北京市哲学社会科学规划项目"西方政治思想的传播与现代中国政治意识的变迁"(12KDB024)阶段性研究成果
