摘要
目的了解中学生学校适应的分类特点以及不同适应类别中学生在人口学变量和生活满意度上的差异,为开展有效干预提供依据。方法采用整群随机抽样法,使用学校适应问卷和生活满意度量表,对西南地区四川省成都市石室中学北湖校区、重庆市江北中学、重庆市南华中学1 163名青少年进行问卷调查。结果中学生的学校适应可以分为适应良好组(30.1%)、一般适应组(30.7%)、适应不良组(39.3%)3个潜在类别。多项式Logistic回归分析显示,男性在适应良好组(OR=1.21)和一般适应组(OR=1.16)所占比例更大,女性在适应不良组所占比例更大;以高二年级为参照水平,随年级的增长,OR值逐步降低,即较低年级中学生更多表现为适应良好组和一般适应组,高年级中学生更多表现为适应不良组。一般适应组的生活满意度得分低于适应良好组和适应不良组(F=106.86,P=0.00),且适应良好组生活满意度得分高于适应不良组(P<0.05)。结论中学生的学校适应潜在类别均有明显的特征。应高度关注适应水平较低的中学生,尤其是女生和高年级中学生的的心理变化。
Objective To explore school adjustment and its association with demographic characteristics and life satisfaction among middle school students. Methods To explore the characteristics of school adjustment among middle school students,and life satisfaction difference of each latent class, 1 163 adolescents in Southwest China selected by group random sampling were investigated by the School-adjustment Scale and Life Satisfaction Scale. Results Three latent classes model of school adjustment were supported, including ＂well-adjusted group＂（ 30.1%）, ＂ general-adjusted group＂（ 30. 7%）, ＂ poorly-adjusted group＂（ 39. 3%）.In Logistic regression analysis, males took a higher proportion in ＂ well-adjusted group＂（ OR = 1.21） and ＂ general-adjusted group＂（ OR = 1.16）, while females took a higher proportion in ＂poorly-adjusted group＂. For different grades of adolescents in senior grade as the reference level, with the growth of grade OR value gradually decreased, the lower grade students tended to adjust to the ＂well-adjusted group＂ and the ＂ general-adjusted group＂, and the higher grade students tended to adjust to the ＂ poorly-adjusted group＂. The scores of life satisfaction in the ＂general-adjust group＂ were lower than those in ＂well-adjusted group＂ and ＂general-adjusted group＂（ F = 106.86,P = 0.00）, and the scores of life satisfaction in ＂well-adjusted group＂ were significantly higher than those in the ＂poorly-adjusted group＂. Conclusion School adjustment is specific in different genders and grades. Educators should pay attention to and interfere with the psychological changes of the children who have lower level of adjustment to school, especially among girls and higher grade students.
作者
张玉青
郭成
ZHANG Yuqing;GUO Cheng(Psychological Department of Southwest University, Chongqing（ 400715）, China)
出处
《中国学校卫生》
CAS
北大核心
2018年第6期890-893,共4页
Chinese Journal of School Health
基金
重庆市人文社会科学重点研究基地重点课题(16SKB029)
关键词
学生
适应
心理学
回归分析
人际关系
Students
Adaptation
psychological
Regression analysis
Interpersonal relations
