摘要
1927年至1937年间,国民党政权通过政治高压以及对劳工组织的不断约束和管控形成了"强国家、弱工会"的关系模式。抗战胜利后工商业重建的过程陷入行业生存竞争加剧、从业者边界收益递减的"内卷化"停滞状态,又使国民党政权与劳工组织之间呈现出"弱国家、强工会"的关系模式。职业工会通过归并从业者、侵占既得利益、碾压生存空间等方式,强行扩张行业边界与组织规模,使市场竞争恶性化、行业秩序无序化,体现出"强悍"一面。地方政府既不愿过分使用暴力手段强制约束劳资双方,又未能用制度化方式消弭纠纷,抑制职业工会的扩张与越界行为,无法凭借职业工会的组织纽带达到社会控制的目的,体现出"弱势"一面。战后职业工会介入市场与行业秩序的行动方式既无益于多元主义所主张的自由竞争与多元利益主体的形成,也有悖于法团主义所要求的利益组织化与社会整合功能的实现。
From 1927 to 1937,the Kuomintang regime exercised political high-handedness and constant restraint and control over labor organizations,creating a"strong country,weak trade union"model. The post-war industrial and commercial reconstruction fell into fierce business competition and a stagnant status of"involution"caused by diminishing marginal profits,and the relationship between the KMT regime and the labor organizations turned into a"weak country,strong trade union"model. By assorting practitioners,encroaching on vested interests and tramping on existential space,the trade unions threw their weights about by forcibly expanding the industry's borders and organizational scale,therefore making market competition more malleable and the industry more chaotic. Local governments were unwilling to use excessive violence to impose restrictions on both employers and employees,but then they failed to use institutionalized methods to eliminate disputes and inhibit the expansion and overstepping behavior of the trade unions. Their weakness was demonstrated by their failure in using the organizational ties of the trade unions to achieve the purpose of social control. The mode of involvement of the trade unions in the market and the industrial order after the war was neither conducive to free competition and pluralizing the subject of interest advocated by pluralism,nor was it in conformity with the organization of interest and the integration of society required by corporatism.
作者
胡悦晗
Hu Yuehan(Department of History, Hangzhou Normal University)
出处
《开放时代》
CSSCI
北大核心
2018年第4期90-111,共22页
Open Times
基金
国家社科基金后期资助项目"溃败的整合:法团主义视角下的战后城市工会研究"(项目编号:17FZS016)的阶段性成果
关键词
职业工会
法团主义
市场
行业秩序
脚夫业
trade union
corporatism
market
industrial order
the porter industry
