摘要
高寒地区占我国国土面积近1/3,也是我国天然草地的主要分布区和传统的畜牧业基地,由于不合理利用和全球气候变化等因素,导致天然草地退化严重,草地的生产和生态功能低下,草畜矛盾突出.优质人工草地种植规模小和产业化水平低是我国草牧业发展的瓶颈.因此,大力发展优质苜蓿(Medicago sativa L.)人工草地是破解我国目前草牧业可持续发展瓶颈的重要途径和抓手.本文结合国内外苜蓿生产和市场现状,探讨了我国苜蓿种植和产业发展的不足与解决办法.同时,通过文献资料分析和高寒地区调研等,明确高寒地区发展苜蓿人工草地在促进当地环境友好型草牧业发展中的作用.针对我国优质抗寒苜蓿品种少、越冬技术不足等问题,归纳总结出高寒地区品种选择、选地与整地、播种技术、密度控制、根瘤菌(Rhizobium)接种、水肥管理和刈割等一整套技术与相应理论,为我国高寒地区优质苜蓿种植与生产提供技术支撑,更好地推进我国草牧业又快又好的发展.
Grasslands occur naturally in cold regions in China,and are the traditional animal husbandry base.Natural grasslands have degraded severely due mainly to heavy use and global climate change,distinguished with low productivity and poor ecological function.The small scales and low-industrialization levels of alfalfa（Medicago sativa L.）pasture are bottlenecks for development of modern animal husbandry in China.Therefore,forage production from natural grasslands cannot fully meet the demands for animal husbandry.Development of high-yield alfalfa pasture is an effective way to solve these problems.In this review,we systematically analyzed both domestic and international markets for alfalfa.Currently,alfalfa hay production in China can only supply less than 50%of total alfalfa demands,and more than 50%of alfalfa hay has to be imported from overseas countries,mainly from USA.On the one hand,the lack of forage supply greatly restricts development of animal husbandry in the alpine regions of China,which is a traditional base of animal husbandry in China.On the other hand,there are large areas of lands that can be used to develop alfalfa pasture in these regions.As a key component of＂Grass-based Animal Husbandry＂,establishment of alfalfa pasture with high yield and quality as well as high resource efficiency is of importance for the successful development of＂Grass-based Animal Husbandry＂in China.The development of large scale of alfalfa pasture in the alpine regions is hindered by the lack of alfalfa varieties adapted to the alpine regions and poor alfalfa establishment and management technologies.In practice,the management regimes of crops are often copied to manage alfalfa pasture.However,the crop and pasture systems differ markedly.For example,crops and alfalfa are used for harvesting grains and above-ground biomass,respectively.Moreover,crops are often annual,while alfalfa is perennial.To solve these problems,we developed comprehensive technologies in alfalfa pasture in the alpine regions.More specifically,
作者
张文浩
侯龙鱼
杨杰
宋世环
毛小涛
张强强
白文明
潘庆民
周青平
Wenhao Zhang;Longyu Hou;Jie Yang;Shihuan Song;Xiaotao Mao;Qiangqiang Zhang;Wenming Bai;Qingmin Pan;Qingping Zhou(State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China;College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;Inner Mongolia Research Center for Prataculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China;Institute of Animal Sciences, the Ninth Division of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Emin 834601, China;Institute of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China)
出处
《科学通报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2018年第17期1651-1663,共13页
Chinese Science Bulletin
基金
中国科学院科技服务网络计划(STS计划)重点项目(KFJ-STS-ZDTP-004)资助
关键词
苜蓿
人工草地
草牧业
高寒地区
alfalfa
artificial pasture
grass-based animal husbandry
cold regions
