摘要
明初,朱元璋改元旧俗以化育新民,改革旧元服制,恢复唐制衣冠,从住行用等方面的生活资料入手来控制民众僭越违礼之举,规范称谓以杜绝越礼犯分的行为,规范婚俗以涤清旧元婚俗,申明礼制以定民志;建构基层教化体系以落实礼俗教化,教民礼俗以提前预警,导民向善,营造励民自控的社会氛围;力行教化以移风易俗,广建学校以育才化民,大兴儒学以普及教化;采用礼法结合、软硬兼施的社会控制策略,营造为善去恶的文化氛围,以瘅恶扬善促使民众安分守己,维护基层社会的良性运转。总之,朱元璋以规制与教化来搭建"权力的文化网络",实现"大传统"和"小传统"的对接,保证皇权的权力触角向基层社会渗透与延伸;以法行礼的策略使得明初礼俗前所未有地下渗到民间社会。
In the early Ming Dynasty, ZHU Yuan-zhang took measures of reforming the old customs to educate people： changing the apparel system of Yuan Dynasty and restoring the apparel system of Tang Dynasty, starting with living materials to control arrogation abuse and breach of rules; regulating appellations to put an end to breach of manners and arrogation behaviors; regulating marriage customs to do away with the marriage customs of Yuan Dynasty; publicizing ritual systems to ensure social stability; establishing grass-root civilizing system to ensure the observation of the rituals and customs; civilizing people with rituals and customs as a precaution, guiding people to be good and creating a social atmosphere of encouragement and self-control; making efforts to educate people to change the outdated customs; setting up schools to educate people and cultivate talents; advocating Confucianism to educate the public. ZHU Yuan-zhang took the social control strategy with the combination of rites and rules, and the stick and carrot policy, creating the cultural atmosphere of doing good and eradicating evils to shun evil and praise what is good, encourage people to know their place and behave properly, and safeguard the sound operation of grassroots society. He also built ＂the cultural network of power＂ with regulations and education to make connection between ＂big tradition＂ and ＂small tradition＂, and make sure the imperial power could infiltrate and extend to grassroots society. ZHU Yuan-zhang＇s strategy of implementing the practice of ritual system with regulations enabled rituals and customs permeate to civil society in the early Ming Dynasty.
作者
孔伟
KONG Wei(School of History and Social Development, Xinxiang College, Xinxiang, Henan, 45300)
出处
《深圳大学学报（人文社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2018年第3期13-23,共11页
Journal of Shenzhen University：Humanities & Social Sciences
关键词
明初
朱元璋
礼俗
大传统
小传统
社会控制
early Ming Dynasty
ZHU Yuan-zhang
rites and custom
big tradition
small tradition
grass-roots control
