摘要
为了提高农业用水效率,解决用水矛盾,2013-2016年在陕西泾惠渠灌区连续进行了4年的冬小麦非充分灌溉制度试验,试验共设置8个非充分灌水处理,每个处理重复2次。通过分析不同生育期灌水量对冬小麦株高、产量、水分利用效率及经济效益在不同降雨频率年型下的影响,确定了泾惠渠灌区合理的冬小麦非充分灌溉制度及模式。试验结果表明:不同生育期灌水量对小麦生长发育和产量有不同的影响。返青灌、拔节灌、抽穗灌均有利于冬小麦的生长发育,其中返青灌的影响尤为显著;返青灌和灌浆灌是影响冬小麦产量的重要时期,返青灌也是提高水分利用效率和经济效益的敏感期。平水年和枯水年降雨年型下,追求高产的最优灌溉模式是冬灌+拔节灌+灌浆灌,灌溉定额为3 600 m3/hm2;然而综合考虑产量、灌溉水利用系数及节水经济效益的最优灌溉模式是冬灌+返青灌,灌溉定额为2 550 m3/hm2;推荐泾惠渠灌区非充分灌溉模式为冬灌+返青灌。研究成果为泾惠渠灌区提供了具体可行的灌溉模式,为非充分灌溉制度的进一步完善奠定了基础,对灌区农业用水的合理配置具有一定的指导意义。
In order to improve agricultural water use efficiency and solve the problem of water contradiction,a four-year winter wheat deficient irrigation experiment was conducted in Jinghuiqu Irrigation District of Shaanxi from 2013 to 2016,in which eight non-sufficient irrigation treatments were set up and each treatment was repeated twice. By analyzing the effects of different irrigation treatments on the plant height,yield,water use efficiency and economic benefits of winter wheat under different types of rainfall frequency,a reasonable irrigating system and mode of winter wheat was determined. The test results show that： irrigation at different growth stages has different effects on wheat growth and yield; irrigation at greening stage,jointing stage and heading stage all affects the growth and development of winter wheat,the effects of irrigation at greening stage is particularly significant; greening stage and filling stage are important irrigation periods which can affect winter wheat yield; greening stage is also a key irrigation period for improving water use efficiency and economic benefits; under the rainfall type of normal flow years and dry years,the optimal irrigation mode is irrigation at winter stage,jointing stage and grouting stage with the quota of 3 600 m^3/hm^2 in order to get high yield. However,the optimal irrigation mode is irrigation at wintering stage and greening stage with the quota of 2 550 m^3/hm^2 when considering factors such as yield,irrigation water use coefficient and economic benefits of water saving.So it is proposed that the optimal irrigation mode is irrigation at wintering stage and greening stage in Jinghuiqu Irrigation District. The research results provide a feasible irrigation mode for the Jinghuiqu Irrigation District,establish the foundation for further improvement of the deficient irrigation mode,and have a certain guiding significance for rational allocation of agricultural water in irrigation district.
作者
魏志莉
李强
曹晓华
陈新明
WEI Zhi-li;LI Qiang;CAO Xiao-hua;CHEN xim-ming(College of Water Conservancy and Architectural Engineering, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi Province, China;Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering, Ministry of Education, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi Province, China;Jinghuiqu Irrigation Administrative Bureau of Shaanxi, Sanyuan 713800, Shaanxi Province, China)
出处
《节水灌溉》
北大核心
2018年第6期46-51,共6页
Water Saving Irrigation
基金
陕西省水利厅科技计划资助项目(2012slkj-31
2013slkj-31
2014slkj-31)
关键词
冬小麦
非充分灌溉
水分利用效率
winter wheat
insufficient irrigation
water use efficiency
