摘要
为了研究圆形喷灌机水肥一体化条件下不同施氮频率对冬小麦生长、产量、植株氮素利用及土壤硝态氮含量变化的影响,试验设置4个施氮频率(拔节期1次,拔节期和灌浆期2次,返青期、拔节期和灌浆期3次,返青期、拔节期、开花期和灌浆期4次施肥),开展2年田间试验。试验结果表明:施氮频率从1次增加至4次对冬小麦产量影响显著,其中4次处理产量最高(分别为9 128.5、9 092.3 kg/hm2);对不同生育阶段的生物量分配有显著影响,同时冬小麦收获指数、蛋白质产量和氮肥偏生产力有显著提高;此外0~40 cm土层土壤的硝态氮含量在冬小麦生育期保持较高水平。综合来看,建议冬小麦圆形喷灌机水肥一体作业时采取基肥和4次追氮的施肥管理方案。
In 2014-2015 and 2015-2016, a field experiment was conducted at Tongzhou Experimental Station of China Agricultural University, Beijing, to study the effects of nitrogen application frequencies on the yield and nitrogen utilization of winter wheat under fertigation with a center pivot system. The experiment set one time at jointing stage （T1） , two times at jointing and filling stages （T2） , three times at recovering, jointing and filling stages （T3）, and four times at recovering, jointing, flowering and filling stages （T4） , with consistency of irrigation and nitrogen rates during the whole growth period of winter wheat. The effects of nitrogen application frequencies on yield, ground biomass, plant nitrogen utilization, the grain protein content of winter wheat and the dynamic variation of soil nitrate content were evaluated. The two-year results showed that nitrogen application frequencies had a significant effect on the yield of winter wheat and the treatment T4 obtained the highest yield （9 128.5 kg/hm^2 and 9 092.3 kg/hm^2, respectively）. No significant differences existed in total biomass of winter wheat between nitrogen application frequencies, while the distribution of biomass was affected significantly by nitrogen application frequencies in different growth periods. The treatment T4 greatly increased the harvest index, protein yield and nitrogen partial factor productivity of winter wheat. The soil nitrate content in depth of 0 - 40 cm exceeded the average value when nitrogen was applied with low rates and high frequency during the whole growth period of winter wheat. Comprehensively, the fertilizer management of adopting base fertilizer and nitrogen application of treatment T4 was suggested during the growth period of winter wheat under center pivot irrigation system.
作者
蔡东玉
周丽丽
顾涛
严海军
CAI Dongyu;ZHOU Lili;GU Tao;YAN Haijun(College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agrieuhural University, Beijing 100083, China;China Irrigation and Drainage Development Center, Beijing 100054, China)
出处
《农业机械学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2018年第6期278-286,共9页
Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0201502)
国家自然科学基金项目(51621061)
关键词
冬小麦
产量
氮素利用
圆形喷灌机
水肥一体化
施氮频率
winter wheat
yield
nitrogen utilization
center pivot
fertigation
nitrogen application frequency
