摘要
目的了解广东省部分临床核医学诊疗工作场所的放射防护状况以及人员受照剂量水平,为寻找其放射性职业病危害的关键控制点提供数据支持。方法以广东省14家三级甲等综合性医院为研究对象,根据国家相关标准,采用辐射监测方法,对临床核医学工作场所的周围剂量当量率、放射性污染水平及人员受照剂量进行测量和推算。结果工作场所中^(18)F合成室操作孔在防护罩打开状态下的周围剂量当量率最高,达到166μSv/h;放射性药物分装、注射等操作环节手部的剂量率较高,其中在分装柜分装^(18)F、^(131)I和^(99)Tc^m时可分别高达3720、1220和468.2μSv/h,在注射台(窗)注射^(18)F和^(99)Tc^m时可分别高达537和882μSv/h。广州G医院^(18)F注射室的工作台面β表面污染水平为99.6Bq/cm^2,工作人员手掌部位为1.6 Bq/cm^2,超过国家标准限值。核医学工作人员年有效剂量为0.08~5.18 mSv/a。在无防护措施的前提下,分装人员手部的年当量剂量最高,为0.02~390 mSv/a;注射人员次之,为0.57~85.62 mSv/a;而分装、注射时工作人员眼晶体、全身和下腹部的职业照射剂量较低结论核医学工作场所的放射防护现况良好;应重视放射工作人员自身防护,熟练操作技能以缩短作业时间,采取合理防护设(措)施以降低辐射剂量。
Objective To understand the status of radiation protection at workplace and the level of individual dose in some clinical nuclear medicine departments in Guangdong Province,so as to provide data support for finding the key points to control their occupational hazards. Methods Taking 14 Grade IIIA hospitals in Guangdong Province as the study objects,the ambient dose equivalent rate,the level of radioactive contamination and the individual dose(Hp(10)) were monitored or estimated according to the relevant national standards. Results A highest ambient dose equivalent rate of 166 μSv/h was found around the operating holes of (18)F synthesis chamber. The dose rates to hands were generally higher during the procedures of packaging and injecting radionuclides. In the packaging procedure,the highest dose rates were 3720 μSv/h,1220 μSv/h and 468. 2 μSv/h for packaging (18)F,(131)I and (99)Tcm,respectively; and there were 537 μSv/h and 882 μSv/h for injecting (18)F and (99)Tcm. In the (18)F injection room of one hospital,the beta surface contamination were as high as 99. 6 Bq/cm2 and 1. 6 Bq/cm2 on the working table and a staff hands,both of them exceeded the national standards. The annual effective dose of nuclear medicine staff ranged from 0. 08 mSv to 5. 18 mSv. Without protective measures,the annual equivalent dose of hands ranged from 0. 02 mSv to 390 mSv and from 0. 57 to 85. 62 mSv for repacking and injection staff,respectively. However,the exposure to their lens,whole body and abdomens were relatively low. Conclusion Workplace protection in nuclear medicine departments is fairly well,however,the self-protection should be further reminded. Skillful operation can shorten the exposure time,and other reasonable protective measures will reduce the radiation dose.
作者
张灶钦
耿继武
林岚
杨宇华
许志强
夏冰
ZHANG Zaoqin;GENG Jiwu;LIN Lan;YANG Yuhua;XU Zhiqiang;XIA Bing(Guangdong Province Hospital for Occupational Disease Prevention And Treatment, Institute of Occupational Health Assessment, Guangzhou 510300 China)
出处
《中国辐射卫生》
2018年第1期13-17,共5页
Chinese Journal of Radiological Health
基金
广东省化学中毒与核辐射突发事件医学救援应急技术研究中心(2012A032100002)
广东省医学科学技术研究基金(A2015499)
关键词
核医学
放射防护
辐射水平
个人剂量
Nuclear Medicine
Radiological Protection
Radiation Level
Individual Dose