摘要
语言类型学界在跨语言现实/非现实的语义内容和范畴地位上尚有争论,无论将现实/非现实只看作情态范畴还是认为现实/非现实不是跨语言有效范畴的观点均有偏颇。本文主张现实/非现实是类型学中的有效范畴。从认知范畴化的角度讲,跨语言现实/非现实是时—体—情态三个范畴的上位范畴,不同语言中显赫现实/非现实的原型义倾向与时—体—情态中的一个或多个范畴关联,即个别语言显赫现实/非现实的个性原型义都分布在时—体—情态这个共性概念空间中。本文建立了跨语言现实/非现实与时—体—情态的逻辑关联模式和标记方式,在此基础上构建了跨语言现实/非现实与时—体—情态的显赫性逻辑格局,逻辑格局的26种显赫性组配中有16种得到验证,涉及到31种语言,另外10种尚待验证。英语是现实/非现实和体—情态均不显赫而时显赫的语言,汉语是现实/非现实显赫而时—体—情态均不显赫的语言。
There has been a controversy on the semantic content and category status of realis/irrealis in linguistic ty-pology. The arguments for realis/irrealis as a modality category or as an invalid category are not convincing. This paper argues that realis/irrealis is a typologically valid category. Realis/irrealis across languages is a superordinate category of tense-aspeet-modality in terms of cognitive categorization. The prototypical meaning of mighty realis/irrealis in dif-ferent languages tends to be semantically related with one or more categories among tense-aspect-modality. The seman-tic individuality of mighty realis/irrealis in a certain language is distributed in the universally conceptual space of tense-aspect-modality. The paper proposes a model of category relevance and marking rutes between realis/irrealis and tense-aspect-modality, on which a logical mightiness pattem among them is further established. Among the 26 mighti-ness matching groups in the pattern, 16 groups have been attested, involving 31 languages, and the other 10 groups need to be further examined. English is a language of mighty tense and unmighty realis/irrealis-aspect-modality, while Chinese is a language of mighty realis/irrealis and unmighty tense-aspect-modality.
作者
于秀金
YU Xiujin(College of Foreign Languages, Oufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China;School of Foreign Languages and Cultures, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210097, China)
出处
《外国语》
CSSCI
北大核心
2018年第3期9-22,共14页
Journal of Foreign Languages
基金
国家社科基金项目"平衡语种样本视阈下时-体范畴的类型与共性研究"(15BYY174)