摘要
目的综述空降兵跳伞训练腰部损伤的危险因素、力学特点及脊柱生物力学研究方法，分析腰部肌肉生物力学及防护机制，为降低空降兵腰部训练损伤的防护提供研究策略。资料来源与选择国内外相关领域的研究论著。资料引用国内外公开发表的文献51篇。资料综合空降兵跳伞训练腰部损伤在训练伤中的比例较高，急性损伤主要发生在高空跳伞着陆过程中；慢性损伤主要发生在长期地面模拟着陆训练。早期有关空降兵跳伞训练腰部损伤的生物力学研究测量方法简单，数据误差大，不能真实反映腰部损伤机制和力学特点。现代生物力学研究方法，包括运动捕捉、生物建模、有限元分析、肌电信号等，动、静态研究相结合，能够精确计算腰部受力情况，为研究空降兵跳伞训练腰部损伤及防护装备的研制提供数据资料。结论利用现代生物力学研究方法，进行准确的生物力学测试及腰部力学分析，合理改进训练方法，以降低腰部训练伤的发生率，减少非战斗减员。
Objective To review the risk factors, mechanical characteristics and the research methods of spine biomechanics of lumbar injuries during parachuting training and to analyze the biomechanics and protective mechanisms of lumbar muscles in order to provide research strategy for reducing the lumbar injuries during parachuting training. Literature resource and selection The published domestic and foreign articles in the related fields. Literature quotation Fifty-one articles published at home and abroad were cited. Literature synthesis The rate of lumbar injuries during parachuting training was high in the trairing injuries. Acute injuries mainly happened during the process of altitude parachuting landing and chronic injuries mostly occurred in the long-term ground training of simulated parachuting landing. The early methods of biomechanics measuring of lumbar injury were simple and the data error was big and those could not completely reflect the injury mechanisms and mechanical characteristics. Modern biomechanical research methods, including motion capture, biological modeling, finite element analysis, electromyography signal, etc.. integrating the static and dynamic analyses, could accurately calculate the lumbar force, provide data reference for the study of lumbar injuries during parachuting training and develop protective equipment. Conelions Modern biomechanical research methods can be utilized to accomplish accurate biomechanical testing and lumbar mechanical analysis, as well as to properly improve training methods in order to reduce the incidence of lumbar injuries and non-combat depletion in parachuting training.
作者
郑超
王林飞
伍骥
黄蓉蓉
Zheng Chao;Wang Linfei;Wu Ji;Huang Rongrong(Air Force General Hospital, Beijing, 100142 China)
出处
《中华航空航天医学杂志》
CSCD
2017年第4期311-315,共5页
Chinese Journal of Aerospace Medicine
基金
全军后勤科研计划重点项目（BKJ14J004）
关键词
腰痛
危险因素
生物力学
综述
空降兵
Low back pain
Risk factors
Biomechanics
Review
Parachutists
