摘要
生态补偿支付条件是生态补偿概念范畴体系的核心要素。根据补偿条件的内容不同,支付条件可分为投入支付和结果支付。投入支付是以生态服务提供者以其投入的土地等自然资源面积、劳动时间等量化指标作为补偿支付的核算基准,结果支付是生态服务者所提供的生态服务结果,并将用指标体系量化的结果实现作为是否补偿及补偿多少的核算基准。投入支付强调一种过程激励,不确定风险由生态服务购买者承担;结果支付更关注期望激励,不确定风险由生态服务提供者承担。投入支付希望从生态服务提供者筛选、监控权合理配置方面实现环境效益和成本效益的双赢,结果支付专注于指标体系建构,避免指数扭曲以实现环境效益与成本效益的协调。两种支付条件的结合有助于消减不确定风险,但会加大环境效益和成本效益的协调难度。中国生态补偿支付条件的制度设计,应从激励和效益两个维度,统筹考量投入支付与结果支付的优势与不足,以便保障生态补偿机制有效运行。
The condition of payment,which is the core element of eco-compensation conception,can be divided into two types：input payment and result payment.The input payment is the quantitative index of the natural resources,such as the area of natural resources,labor time,etc.,which are invested by the ecological service provider as the basis of payment.The result of payment is to quantify the results of ecological services by means of specific index indicators（system）,and to decide whether the index is completed as a basis of payment.Input payment emphasizes process incentives,and uncertain risks are assumed by ecological services buyers.Result payment pays special attention to expectation incentives,and uncertain risks are undertaken by ecological service providers.Input payment hopes to achieve the coordination of environmental-effectiveness and cost-effectiveness from the selection of ecological service providers and the rational allocation of monitoring rights,while result payment avoids exponential distortion.The combination of the two payment conditions helps to reduce the risk of uncertainty,but will increase the difficulty of environmental and cost-benefit coordination.Eco-compensation system of China should consider the advantages and disadvantages of input and result payment,so as to ensure the effective operation of the eco-compensation mechanism.
出处
《中国地质大学学报（社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2018年第3期56-69,共14页
Journal of China University of Geosciences(Social Sciences Edition)
基金
教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目“水生态补偿机制研究”(16JZD015)
国家社科基金项目“我国流域生态补偿标准体系建构与制度设计研究”(13BFX136)
关键词
投入支付
结果支付
激励功能
环境效益
成本效益
input payment
result payment
incentive function
environmental-effectiveness
cost-ef-fectiveness
