摘要
纵观美国农业发展史,美国农业生产中在使用肥料方面可分为4个阶段,即:一是自英国殖民者登上美洲大陆之前直至19世纪中叶美国南北战争结束的"天然地力"时期,整个美洲的农业生产都依靠自然资源而极少使用肥料;二是自美国内战结束后至1900年之前的"有机肥料"时期,美国农业生产中普遍使用商品性有机肥料以提高农业产量;三是1900—1980年的"化学肥料"时期,美国大量使用化学肥料提高单产,农业产量空前巨大;四是1980年至今的回归"有机肥料"时期,美国政府、人民和农户都纷纷意识到化学肥料带来的副作用,逐渐降低化学肥料使用而回归到采用有机肥料。不同的用肥阶段对美国农业的发展产生了不同的作用和影响。
Throughout the history of agricultural development in U.S.,the use of fertilizers in agricultural production can be divided into four stages.The first phrase is"natural soil"period from the arrival of British colonists to the end of the American Civil War in the middle of the nineteenth Century.The American agricultural production depended on natural resources and minimal fertilizers.The second phrase is"organic fertilizer"period since the American Civil War until 1900.The American agricultural production used commercial organic fertilizer to improve production.The third phrase is"chemical fertilizer"period from 1900 to the 1980.A large amount of chemical fertilizer was used,and agricultural production was unprecedented huge.The fourth phrase is from 1980 till now.When returning to "organic fertilizer",the U.S.government,consumers and farmers all realized the side-effects of chemical fertilizer,and gradually reduced the use of chemical fertilizer and returned to organic fertilizer.
出处
《世界农业》
2018年第5期134-137,163,共5页
World Agriculture
基金
2014年陕西省社会科学基金项目(2014D24)
