摘要
高原鼠兔和高原鼢鼠是青藏高原特有的食草型小动物,其啃食、掘洞、刈割、贮草行为对高寒草甸生态系统既具有破坏损伤系统的负面效应,也有利于维持和稳定系统的正面效应,这种益害转化完全取决于不同时间和空间尺度上的害鼠种群及其数量。通过对川西北的阿坝州、甘孜州和青海省果洛州的42个高寒草地样地的鼠类种群密度调查和已有文献的采集分析,明确了草原害鼠在高寒草地生态系统中的角色和作用,定义了鼠荒地的概念,对鼠荒地危害程度划分为轻度、中度、重度和极度4个等级;依据指标因子重要性排序,分级指标包含害鼠种群、植物群落和土壤养分3个主因子群;总洞穴数量、有效洞口数等11个单项因子;并对不同危害程度的鼠荒地提出了封育自然修复、人为干预修复、半人工草地改建和人工草地重建4种草原鼠害适应性管理策略,对于高寒草地生态系统草原害鼠适应性管理和害鼠灭除后二次发生防控具有指导意义。
Plateau pika（Ochotona curzoniae）and Plateau zokor（Myospalax baileyi）are the special small herbivores in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,which grazing,burrowing,mowing and storage grass activities have negative and positive effects on alpine meadow ecosystem.However,the orientation of harmful or beneficial influence was depended on rodent species and their population amount at different spatial and temporal scales.Adopting field survey and references analysis,rodents species and burrows data were collected from forty-two plots of three regions at A＇ba and Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in Northwest Plateau of Sichuan Province,and Guoluo Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in Qinghai province.Understanding the roles of rodent activities on grassland degradation is essential to improve the management of small herbivores populations in alpine meadow ecosystems.We concluded the roles of rodent activities in alpine meadow ecosystems and defined the conception of Rodents Damaged Rangelands.Furthermore,based on rodent damage levels,damage degrees of Light,Medium,Heavy and Extreme were classified into three main factors groups and eleven individual indices.And three main combined factors were rodent population,plant community and soil properties,and eleven sub-factors were total burrows and active burrow amount.Based on rodent damaged rangelands phrases,we provided four adaptive management strategies including fencing self-restoration,human intervention repair,semi artificial grassland reconstruction and artificial grassland restoration.Further,all these measures were helpful to establish the adaptive management strategies and prevent rodents recurrence after using rodenticide in alpine meadow ecosystems in Qing-Tibetan Plateau.
作者
孙飞达
苟文龙
朱灿
李飞
陈晓霞
刘琳
刘伟
杨廷勇
廖习红
SUN Fei-da;GOU Wen-long;ZHU Can;LI Fei;CHEN Xiao-Xia;LIU Lin;LIU Wei;YANG Ting-Yong;LIAO Xi-hong(Collegeol＇Animal Scienceand Technology,Sichuan AgriculturalUniversity,Chengdu,SichuanProvince611130,China;Sichuan Grassland Science Academy,Chengdu,SichuanProvince 611731,China;Ganzi Prefecture Grassland Working Station,Kangding, Ganzi 626000,China;Agriculture,Animal Husbandry and Water Bureau of Ruoergii County,Ruoergai,A＇ba 624500,China)
出处
《草地学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2018年第1期152-159,共8页
Acta Agrestia Sinica
基金
四川省教育厅重点项目(17ZA0320)
四川省留学回国人员启动项目(03109148)
国家牧草产业技术体系(CARS-35-16)资助
关键词
青藏高原
鼠荒地
危害分级
高原鼠兔
高原鼢鼠
Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau
Rodents damaged rangeland
Criterion of plateau pikas hazard ranking
Plateau pika
Plateau zokor
