摘要
基于全国2 400余个国家级地面站1954 2015年观测的天气现象提取得到结冰现象序列,进行了气象要素内部一致性检查,特别是对中国1981年前部分台站由于简化观测任务不记录结冰现象,和部分台站漏记该现象的情况进行了检测和质控。结果表明,1954 1979年间共有662个台站累计6 328年实际未观测和记录结冰现象,1981年前有839个台站累计1 453年存在明显漏记结冰现象情况。基于质控后数据统计表明,1961 2015年全国年结冰日数呈减少趋势,约为-1.5 d·(10a)^(-1)。基于我国35°N以北708个地面台站,统计了1971 2015年结冰期变化。北方平均结冰期为149天,且呈现下降趋势,约为-2.1 d·(10a)^(-1)。288站结冰期显著减少,且155个台站的结冰起始日期推迟,141个台站的结冰终止日期提前。
Long term series of icing weather phenomenon during 1954 --2015 were extracted from the ground observations covering more than 2 400 national level surface stations over China. Then several quality control pro- cedures were carried out, such as meteorological elements inherent consistency check and statistical check by u- sing 30-year climate normal. Especially, we paid much attention on the following two situations when checked the time series. The first one was that a part of national stations under the historical guidance for simplifying ob- servation did not measured and recorded the icing weather phenomenon before the year of 1981, and the other one was that the annual icing days from hundreds of stations in several years before 1981 were less than their nor- mal values with remarkable differences. The results showed that, 662 stations actually did not take the mission of icing weather observation in the whole of 6 328 years during 1954 -- 1979, which were mainly distributed in He- bei, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Henan, Hubei, Hunan and Shaanxi provinces. Before 1981 there were also other 1 453 years from 839 stations obtaining much less icing weather records when compared to the normal of 1981 --2000. Based on the raw data and the quality controlled data, we calculated the national mean values of annual icing days during 1961 --2015. It illustrated that the raw data had an upward trend with about 2.0 days for every dec- ade while the quality controlled data showed a declined trend of -1.5 days per decade. The national mean annual days of daily minimum air temperature lower than -1℃ had a high correlation （0. 92） with the quality con- trolled national icing day series, which indicated the decline trend of icing days was acceptable. The annual mean icing day of the stations to the south of Latitude 25~N and of the stations in Sichuan Basin were almost less than 10 while it was greater than 200 in the northwest of Heilongjiang, northeast of Inner Mongolia, and Qinghai-Ti- betan Plateau. We also analyzed the varia
作者
余予
任芝花
孟晓艳
YU Yu;REN Zhihua;MENG Xiaoyan(National Meteorological lnformation Centre, Beijing 100081, China;China National Environmental Monitoring Centre, Beijing 100012, China)
出处
《高原气象》
CSCD
北大核心
2018年第2期553-559,共7页
Plateau Meteorology
基金
预报预测核心业务发展专项(CMAHX20160703)
公益性行业(气象)科研专项(GYHY201106038)
关键词
结冰现象
长时间序列
气候变化分析
Icing weather phenomenon
long term series
climate variation analysis
