摘要
分析了南昌市夏季和冬季街道104个灰尘样品中的V、Cr、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、As、Cd和Pb含量,并利用地积累指数(Igeo)计算其污染程度,并参考美国国家环保局(US EPA)推荐的健康风险模型评价灰尘重金属暴露的人体致癌和非致癌风险,通过主成分和相关分析识别南昌市灰尘重金属的可能来源。结果表明:南昌市街道灰尘中重金属Cr、Ni、Cu、Zn、Cd和Pb含量均显著高于江西省土壤背景值,而V、Co和As含量与江西省土壤背景值含量相近。重金属V、Co和As含量无显著季节差异,但冬夏季节含量的空间异质性较高,而Cu在季节和空间分布上均表现出显著的季节差异,其它重金属的高值区均分布在南昌市中心及老工业园附近;Igeo结果表明Cd、Cu、Zn和Cr的污染程度相对较高,而V、As和Co污染程度较轻;重金属3种暴露途径的风险排序为手-口暴露>皮肤接触暴露>呼吸暴露,其中儿童会遭受更大的非致癌风险。除了灰尘As和Cr对儿童的暴露在局部区域HQ和HI值大于1,其它重金属对不同人群的HQ和HI值均小于1。总体而言,南昌市灰尘重金属的致癌风险CR均在安全阈值范围内,大小排序为Cr>As>Co>Ni>Cd。南昌市灰尘重金属的来源广泛,其中As、Co和V主要来源于岩石风化,其它重金属元素主要来源于交通和工业等人类活动。
In this study,the concentrations of V,Cr,Co,Ni,Cu,Zn,As,Cd and Pb in 104 street dusts from Nanchang city in winter and summer were determined. Geo-accumulation index（ Igeo）,health risk model recommended by USEPA,and multivariate statistical methods（ principal component analysis and correlation analysis） were applied to evaluate the pollution degree, calculate the non-carcinogenic risk（ HI） and carcinogenic risk（ CR）（ for children and adult）,and identify the possible source of heavy metal,respectively.The result showed that the concentrations of Cr,Ni,Cu,Zn,Cd and Pb in street dust of Nanchang were significantly higher than soil background values of Jiangxi Province,while concentrations of V,Co,and As were comparable to corresponding background values. Concentrations of V,Co,and As had not significant seasonal difference,but had high spatial heterogeneity. Cu concentration had significant difference both in seasonal and spatial distribution. The high level area of the other investigated metals mainly distributed in central Nanchang and old industrial area. The result from Igeoindicated that Cd,Cu,Zn,and Cr had higher pollution degree,while V,As,and Co had lower degree. The health risk from three exposures sequenced as hand-mouth ingestion dermal contact inhalation,and the child suffered the higher risk than the adult. The HQ and HI of all investigated metals were below one,except the HQ and HI of As and Cr exceed one in some sites. The Carcinogenic risk from metals in street dust were limited within the safe threshold range,and the sequence followed Cr As Co Ni Cd. There were various sources of metals in street dust from the Nanchang city,As,Co and V were mainly derived from rocks weathering,while the other metals came from the anthropogenic activities including the traffic and industry.
作者
江英辉
张华
丁明军
徐晓玲
JIANG Ying-hui;ZHANG Hua;DING Ming-jun;XU Xiao-lingl(Key Lab of Poyang Lake Wetland and Watershed Research, Ministry of Education Jiangxi, School of Geography and Environment, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China;Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Comprehensive Management and Resource Development, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China)
出处
《长江流域资源与环境》
CAS
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2018年第4期849-861,共13页
Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(41401587
41361018)
江西省科技厅项目(20171BAB213023)
鄱阳湖湿地与流域研究教育部重点实验室(江西师范大学)开放基金资助项目(PK2014005)
关键词
街道灰尘
重金属
时空分布
健康风险
南昌市
street dust
heavy metal
spatial-temporal distribution
health risk
Nanchang city
