摘要
真空精馏是炼油、化工和医药化工行业中使用非常普遍的一种单元操作。真空精馏塔顶冷凝器的设计比普通冷凝器设计更为复杂,难度也更大,壳程压降大小受到限制,塔顶冷凝器尺寸往往较大,因为真空体积膨胀,介质流速较高,往往产生振动倾向,当真空度增加时,设计难度会呈指数上升。主要包括真空冷凝器的结构型式选择、压降控制和振动防范三个方面。以某10×10~4t/a环己酮项目真空操作的醇塔和酮塔冷凝器设计实例进行分析、优化,探讨壳程冷凝的压降影响因素和控制结果 ;冷凝器的振动倾向和采取60°布管、入口管下加支撑和选用折流杆等防振措施进行组合,最终消除了HTRI振动警报。真空冷凝器的设计需要扎实全面的理论知识,对于复杂的振动问题,需要熟悉各措施的影响以及影响趋势,多措并举才能达到理想结果。
Vacuum distillation is a unit operation commonly used in oil refining,chemical and pharmaceutical chemical industries.The design of overhead condenser for vacuum distillation tower is more complex and diffi-cult than the design of common condensers.The pressure drop on shell side is limited,the overhead condenser is large in size,the volume expansion and the high flow rate of medium in the vacuum usually leads to the vibration tendency,and the design difficulty rises exponentially with the increase of vacuum degree.The selection of structure type,the control of pressure drop and the prevention of vibration are discussed in this paper.The design of the vacuum condensers of the cyclohexanol tower and cyclohexanone tower in a 100kt/a cyclohexanone project is analyzed and optimized,and the influence factors and control effect of pressure drop are discussed when the saturated gas condenses on the shell side.The vibration tendency of condenser is an-alyzed,and some anti-vibration measures are taken including 60 ° tube layout,adding support under the inlet pipe and selecting rod baffle.Finally,the vibration alarm is eliminated.It is concluded that a solid and com-prehensive theoretical knowledge is needed for the design of vacuum condenser,the effect and tendency of different measures should be understood to solve the complex vibration problem,and a combination of different measures should be taken to achieve the desired results.
作者
孙晓彤
李飞
董小平
仇艳华
张亚辉
李奎
Sun Xiaotong;Li Fei;Dong Xiaoping;Qiu Yanhua;Zhang Yahui;Li Kui(Shannxi Yanehang Petroleum Group Beijing Petrochemical Engineering Co. ,Ltd. ,Beijing 100107)
出处
《中外能源》
CAS
2018年第4期74-79,共6页
Sino-Global Energy
关键词
真空冷凝器
结构型式
压降
振动
vacuum condenser
structure type
pressure drop
vibration
