摘要
自2000年以来,中国草原牧区实施的一系列草原建设和保护工程引起了草地利用方式和农牧民传统生产模式的改变。农牧户作为生产经营活动的直接参与者和草原生态保护政策的实施主体,其认知态度与行为选择将直接影响政策实施效果,对草原生态环境有着直接影响。以黑河上游肃南县干旱区草原为例,选取了自由放牧区、半农半牧区和舍饲养殖区三个不同类型牧区,采用参与式农户评估方法(PRA),分析了农牧民对草原生态保护政策的认知情况和实施效果及其在当前政策背景下倾向性的草原放牧措施。结果表明:(1)相对宽松的草地资源约束使自由放牧区内农牧民的草原保护政策认知水平较高,58.1%的农牧户对季节性休牧和补贴数额有较高的认同度,但存在超载放牧现象。(2)半农半牧区和舍饲养殖区农牧民对草原保护政策的认知水平偏低,同时,舍饲养殖导致的生产成本上升使该趋势进一步加剧,71.7%的农牧户响应禁牧政策的积极性不高且认为禁牧补贴数额不合理。建议从增加非农就业机会、完善农村金融服务体系、细化草原补奖标准和调整草地资源约束的角度因地制宜采取配套措施,实现保护生态和农牧民增收双目标。
As the important ecological barrier and main water conservation district in northwest China and even the whole country,grassland in arid areas are not only basic natural resources of regional social and economic condi- tions but also the core of new silk roads. There are superior natural conditions and channel advantages for develop- ment of animal husbandry. But long time overload grazing state combined with insufficient grassland protection in- vestment had resulted in serious grassland degradation. This problem not only affected the production and living of local residents but also seriously hindered the sustainable development of social economy. Since 2000, China imple- grassland utilization way and traditional production pattern of farmers and herdsmen. As the direct participants of ag- ricultural operation activities and the main body of implementation of grassland ecological protection policy, farmer＇ s cognitive attitudes and behavior choice will directly affect the effect of policy implementation, correspondingly, the policy implementation effect will adversely affect on farmer＇s own livelihood choice as well as their livelihood inter- ests. Therefore, to carry out investigation and research on the peasant household behavior is particularly important. At present, both of domestic and foreign scholars have done a lot of research on farmers＇ response about agricultural policies as well as production decision-making activities of peasant household. However, most research analyzed farmers＇ response to agricultural policy and their management production behavior based on the characteristics of farmers＇ properties, this kind of research was a little less that through dividing research objects according to different types of grassland protection policy and then to do research about farmers＇ individual cognitive on grassland protec- tion policy. Therefore, this study took the Sunan County, Gansu Province, china in the upstream region of Heihe Riv- er basin as an example, selected three different re
作者
苏珊
周丁扬
李晓
李贵芳
SU Shan;LI Xiao;ZHOU Ding-yang;LI Gui-fang(College of Resources Science ＆ Technology, Geographical Science Department ,Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China;Policy Research Center for Environment and Economy,Ministry of Environmental Protection,Beijing 100029, China;School of Economics,Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872)
出处
《干旱区地理》
CSCD
北大核心
2018年第1期152-159,共8页
Arid Land Geography
基金
自然科学基金(91325302)
关键词
草原生态
参与式农户评估
认知
行为选择
黑河上游
grassland ecology
participatory rural appraisal
cognitive attitude
behavior choice
the upstream ofHeihe River
