摘要
现代汉语中的内容义名词能跟其内容义补足语小句构成"XP+的+N"结构。根据内容义名词语义结构中对"所指内容""真"或"假"的词汇规定,可以推演其补足语小句XP的真值。内容义名词的这一语义表现反映了部分名词具有叙实性功能。根据叙实性的定义,文章使用名词的施成角色和处置角色与"XP+的+N"结构组合成主句命题"(Sub+)V+XP+的+N",用以测试"XP"能否成为主句命题的预设。结果发现,叙实名词构成的主句命题以名词补足语小句XP为预设(如:我听说了小王醉驾的事实→小王醉驾);反叙实名词构成的主句命题以﹁XP为预设(如:我听到了小王吸毒的谣言→小王没有吸毒)。其他内容义名词构成的"(Sub+)V+XP+的+N"结构中XP的真值会受到动词语义的影响。这些名词可以根据其句法表现和语义特征,区分为弱叙实名词、半叙实名词、弱反叙实名词和非叙实名词四类。上述四类名词具有不同的叙实性功能,这种差异的根源是名词内部语义特征的不同。其中,[±内容为真]、[±现实]、[±可假造]等五项语义特征,是影响名词叙实性的重要参项。
For the Mandarin Chinese construction ‘XP ＋ de ＋ N＇, where N is a content noun and XP is a complement clause which actualises what N signifies, since N＇s semantic structure tends to specify the truth value of N＇s ‘content＇, the truth value of XP may be entailed therein. This semantic performance shows that some nouns also have a factivity function. In view of this nominal factivity, the present research combines ‘XP ＋ de ＋ N＇ with a verb（V） which directly predicates N into the main clause ‘（Sub＋） V ＋ XP ＋ de ＋ N＇, with the aim to test whether XP can serve as the presupposition of the proposition（i.e., the main clause）. The test shows that, if N is factive, XP is the presupposition of the main clause（e.g., Wǒ tīngshuō le Xiǎo Wáng zuì jià de shìshí. → Xiǎo Wáng zuì jià. [I heard the fact that Xiao Wang drank before driving. → Xiao Wang drank before driving.]） and that, if N is counter-factive, ﹁XP is the presupposition of the main clause（e.g., Wǒ tīngshuō le Xiǎo Wáng xī dú de yáoyán. → Xiǎo Wáng méi yǒu xī dú. [I heard the rumor that Xiao Wang took addictive drugs. → Xiao Wang didn＇t take addictive drugs]）. Otherwise, the truth value of XP will be affected by what is meant by V. In this case, N can be classified into four types according to their syntactic performances and semantic features, i.e., the weak factive, semi-factive, weak counter-factive and non-factive. These six types of nouns are different in terms of their semantic features.
作者
袁毓林
寇鑫
YUAN Yu-lin;KOU Xin(Department of Chinese Language and Literature / Center for Chinese Linguistics / Key Laboratory of Computational Linguistics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China)
出处
《语言研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2018年第2期1-13,共13页
Studies in Language and Linguistics
基金
教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大研究项目"汉语意合语法框架下的词汇语义知识表示及其计算系统研究"
国家重点基础研究计划(973计划)项目课题"语言认知的神经机制"(2014CB340502)
