摘要
学术界存在一种观点,认为敦煌文化尽管丰富多彩,但与伊斯兰教无关,马可波罗所言敦煌少量穆斯林的记载也被视为不实之辞。其实,这一观点未必正确。1276年,原本信奉伊斯兰教的蒙古豳王家族成员脱离中亚察合台汗国而投奔元朝,受命驻扎河西以对抗察合台汗国之侵扰。敦煌之《莫高窟六字真言碣》和《重修皇庆寺记》就是该家族于元朝晚期勒立的,功德主速来蛮、速丹沙等明显带有伊斯兰文化色彩,《肃镇华夷志》言其回回出身,二者相合;莫高窟北区出土回鹘文佛教诗歌中竟有称颂穆斯林和阿拉伯帝国的内容;瓜州锁阳城、玉门西域城、赤金城西北角都为圆形角台,具有明显伊斯兰建筑特点,意在表示对麦加克尔白天房的敬奉。这些足证元代晚期伊斯兰文化在敦煌一带是真实存在的。
Among academic circles there persists among some the opinion that although Dunhuang culture is rich, vibrant, and diverse, it has nothing to do with Islamism and that the records left by Marco Polo attesting to the presence of a considerable Muslim population living at Dunhuang are actually false. It may in fact be incorrect to think so. In 1276, a few members of Lord Bin＇s family from Mongolia who originally believed in Islamism broke away from the Chaghatai Khanate in Central Asia and went to the Yuan dynasty for shelter. They were thereby ordered to settle at Hexi against the intrusion of the Chaghatai Khanate. Two steles respectively inscribed with the Six Syllable Mantra and the Records of the Renovation of the Huangqing Temple at Mogao were erected by the Bin family in the late Yuan dynasty with sponsorship from Sulaimān and Sultān Shāh who were of obvious Islamic cultural background; these two were even noted in the Suzhen Huayi Zhi as being born to an Islamic family. As further evidence, Buddhist poetry in Uighur found at the Northern Area at Mogao contains contents eulogizing the Muslims and the Arabian Empire, and the northwest corner of Suoyang City at Guazhou and Xiyu and Chijin Cities at Yumen are all shaped like a truncated cone, which is a typical feature of Islamicconstruction used to pay tribute to the al-Ka bah. The author believes this evidence to be sufficient to verify that Islamic culture did appear at Dunhuang during the Yuan dynasty.
作者
杨富学
YANG Fuxue(Institute for Nationalities, Religions, and Culture, Dunhuang Academy, Lanzhou, Gansu 73003)
出处
《敦煌研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2018年第2期11-21,共11页
Dunhuang Research
基金
教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目"敦煌民族史研究"(14JJD770006)
关键词
蒙古豳王家族
伊斯兰文化
敦煌石窟
回鹘文文献
瓜州锁阳城
Lord Bin Fanfily of Mongolia
Islamic culture
Dunhuang caves
Uighur documents
Suoyangcity at Guazhou
