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可能世界理论 被引量:12

Possible Worlds Theory: A Keyword of Critical Theory
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摘要 "可能世界"是世界可能或本可以存在的方式。这个概念由17世纪神学家莱布尼兹提出,20世纪中期被逻辑哲学家发展为可能世界语义学,用来解释关于必然性和可能性的形式语义问题。上世纪70年代,文艺理论家把可能世界理论引入到文学领域,为研究文学话语的真值问题和指称问题提供了理论框架。随着叙述学的发展,叙述学家们也借用了可能世界理论,提出文学叙述作品是一种特殊的可能世界——虚构叙述世界,并在审视真实世界与虚构叙述世界的关系的基础上建构了可能世界文类理论,根据虚构叙述世界内部次级可能世界间的不平衡关系建立了以冲突为动力的情节诗学。可能世界理论给文学理论带来了新思想,为叙述学研究提供了新的视角和研究方法。 "Possible worlds" refer to the worlds composed of the possible states of affairs. This term was put forward by Leibniz and developed into possible worlds semantics in the mid- twentieth century by philosophers of the analytic school as a means to solve the problems of formal semantics. In the 1970s, scholars applied possible worlds theory to literature, with an intention to provide a theoretical framework for the discussion of the truth value and referential problems of literary discourse. Narratologists took literary works as a particular sort of possible worlds--fictional narrative worlds. By doing so, they, for one thing, set up the genre theory through analyzing the accessible relationship between the actual world and the fictional worlds, and for another, established the poetics of plot by exploring the conflicts among different subworlds of the fictional worlds. In a word, possible worlds theory brings new ideas to literary criticism and offers new insights to narratology.
作者 邱蓓 Qiu Bei(School of English Language, Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai, China.)
出处 《外国文学》 CSSCI 北大核心 2018年第2期77-86,共10页 Foreign Literature
关键词 可能世界 文学迁移 叙述学 文类理论 情节诗学 Keywords: possible worlds, literary application, narrative studies, genre theory, plotpoetics
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