摘要
中途停歇地是候鸟重要的能量补给地及休息站,对其顺利完成迁徙有着重要作用。为了解灰鹤(Grus grus)迁徙途中的停歇模式,于2013年和2015年冬季,采用卫星跟踪技术在贵州草海保护区成功跟踪了4只灰鹤。结果显示,其中3只灰鹤在宁夏中卫市境内的黄河和清水河流域湿地停歇,表明该地区为灰鹤迁徙时的重要停歇地。春季迁徙时,灰鹤在2月初至3月初到达中卫,平均停留(24.5?6.7)d(15~30 d,n=4),2月底至3月底迁离;秋季迁徙时,10月末至11月初到达,平均停留(32.0?4.2)d(29~35 d,n=2),至11月底迁离。停留期间主要的活动范围为中宁县境内的长山头水库、黄河河心岛及同心县境内的清水河周边区域。2017年3月18日,采用夜栖地直接计数法进行实地调查,共发现灰鹤636只,其日间活动范围和卫星跟踪结果类似。此次发现的灰鹤停歇地均未纳入自然保护体系,建议当地林业部门在灰鹤迁徙期间加强管理,可适当投食,以减少灰鹤误食耕地中经农药包衣处理的玉米(Zea mays)种子造成的死亡。
Stopover sites are essential for successful migration, as migrating birds rely on these sites to refuel and rest. In order to get the stopover sites information of Common Cranes （Grus grus）, we tracked 4 birds at Caohai National Nature Reserve using satellite tracking devices in winter of 2013 and 2015. Our results showed that 3 of them stayed in the Yellow River （37°53′﹣37°75′N, 105°74′﹣105°94′E） and Qingshui River （37°11′﹣37°35′N, 105°64′﹣105°82′E） wetlands in Zhongwei City, Ningxia, and this area would be important for the migration of Common Cranes （Fig. 1）. During spring stopovers, the cranes arrived there around early February to early March and stayed for 24.5 ± 6.7 d on average （Range： 15﹣30 d, n = 4） and left around late February to late March. During autumn migration, cranes stayed there for 32.0 ± 4.2 d on average （Range： 29﹣35 d, n = 2） from late October or early November to the late November （Table 2）. During their stopover, the cranes were mainly located in Changshantou Reservoir, eyots of Yellow River in Zhongning County, and areas along the Qingshui River in Tongxin County （Fig. 2﹣4）. We observed 636 cranes at the night roosting site near Changshantou reservoir on 18 March in 2017 （Table 3）. These stopover sites were still under no protection or management. We suggest local forestry department supply supplementary food （e.g., corn） during the migration period to reduce the mortality of cranes for feeding corn seeds coated with pesticide.
作者
刘慧
刘强
刘文
李振吉
王汝斌
杨俊杰
杨旭
LIU Hui1 LIU Qiang1 LIU Wen2 LI Zhen-Ji2 WANG Ru-Bin2 YANG Jun-Jie1 YANG Xu1(1College of Wetland, Southwest Forestry University, National Plateau Wetlands Research Center, Kunming 650224; 2Guizhou Caohai National Nature Reserve, Weining 553100, Chin)
出处
《动物学杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2018年第2期161-171,共11页
Chinese Journal of Zoology
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(31460166),云南省科技计划项目(2014FB149)
关键词
灰鹤
卫星跟踪
停歇地
种群数量
分布
Common Cranes, Grus grus
Satellite tracking
Stopover site
Population size
Distribution
