摘要
微(纳米)塑料是环境中分布广泛的微小颗粒污染物,不同环境介质中微(纳米)塑料的污染状况及其对生物体的毒害效应受到越来越多研究者的关注.本文系统的综述了环境中微(纳米)塑料的来源和微(纳米)塑料对海洋生物的毒性效应,从转运吸收和毒性评价两个方面重点论述了微(纳米)塑料对人体健康潜在的影响,并介绍了由微(纳米)塑料带来的典型污染物毒性效应.研究结果表明,陆地环境中微纳米塑料的来源主要包括污泥的使用、农业上使用的塑料制品、被微纳米塑料污染的灌溉水以及大气沉降,海洋环境中微纳米塑料的来源主要包括陆源的输入、滨海旅游业、船舶运输业、海上养殖捕捞业以及大气沉降;微(纳米)塑料可被很多海洋生物摄取、并在生物体中积累,且可通过食物链层层富集到更高等的生物体中,从而对生物体正常的新陈代谢及繁殖造成影响;微(纳米)塑料的对人体的毒性,与其表面性质、尺寸大小息息相关,通常情况下,尺寸较小的纳米塑料颗粒更容易进入并积累到细胞和组织,而表面带正面的纳米塑料颗粒对细胞生理活动有较为明显的影响;微(纳米)塑料添加剂及表面吸附的污染物在生物体内的释放,对生物体造成的伤害远远超过微(纳米)塑料本身的影响.本研究结果将为系统地和进一步地开展微(纳米)塑料的风险评估及全面深入地研究其毒理学效应提供支持.
Micro-and nanoplastics are plastic particles which are widely distributed in the environment. The pollution status and toxicity of micro-and nanoplastics in various environmentmatrices have attracted increcesing attention in recent years. In this review,we systematically assess the current literature on the sources and occurrences of micro-and nanoplastics in the environment and their potential impacts on marine organisms. We also discussed the potential human health effect of micro-and nanoplastics by uptake kinetics and toxicity assessment,and the toxic effects of the typical pollutants caused by micro-and nanoplastics. The results show that the sources of micro（ nano） plastics in the terrestrial environment are mainly sewage sludge application,residues of plastic products used in agriculture,irrigation water contaminated by microplastics and/or aerial deposition. The micro（ nano） plastics enter marine environment mainly by land input,seaside tourism,navigation shipping,marine farming and/or aerial deposition. In the marine environment,micro-and nanoplastics can be transported and accumulated through an aquatic food chain from lower trophic level to higher ones,and disturb the metabolism and propagation of the organisms. The toxicity of micro-and nanoplastics is dependent on the size and functional groups on the surface of plastic particles. In general,nanoplastics with smaller size might more easily penetrate and aggregate in cells and tissues and positively charged nanoplastics pose distinct effects on the physiological activity of the cells. Besides,the release of organic pollutants adsorbed on the plastic particles pose more serious toxic effects than the plastics themselves. We hope this review can provide effective support for systematic risk assessment and toxicology of micro-and nanoplastics in future research.
作者
杨婧婧
徐笠
陆安祥
罗维
李君逸
陈伟
YANG Jingjing1,2 XU Li1,2 LU Anxiang1,2 LUO Wei3 LI Junyi4 CHEN Wei5(1. Beijing Research Center for Agricultural Standards and Testing, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing,100097, China; 2. Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Agriculture Environment Monitoring, Beijing,100097, China; 3. Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; 4. State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China; 5. State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, Chin)
出处
《环境化学》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2018年第3期383-396,共14页
Environmental Chemistry
基金
公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201403014-04)
国家重点研发计划(2017YFC0505803-01)
北京市农林科学院青年基金(QNJJ201717)
北京市农林科学院创新能力建设项目(KJCX20180406)资助~~
关键词
微(纳米)塑料
海洋生物
人体
毒性评价
复合效应
micro （nano） plastic, marine organism, human, toxicity assessment, combined effects.
