摘要
目的探讨在海上石油平台这一特殊的生产环境及工作制度下,噪声对海上石油平台作业工人听力的影响。方法采用整群抽样的方法,抽取6个生产规模相近的海洋石油平台上的615名作业人员作为调查对象。采用现场调查、定点测量的方法,对作业工人接触的噪声情况进行调查和测量,并跟踪调查615名调查对象连续3a的职业健康检查资料,按照工龄及工种的不同进行分组,利用SPSS软件进行统计学分析,比较听力的受影响程度。结果不同工龄组3a的双耳低频听阈值分别为(19.9±2.7)、(20.5±3.2)、(22.4±4.5)dB,双耳高频听阈值分别为(23.0±6.5)、(26.7±10.0)、(31.9±11.8)dB,低频听阈升高发生率分别为1.9%、3.3%、16.0%,高频听阈升高发生率分别为4.1%、9.3%、20.0%;工龄长组高于工龄短组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);工龄是低频听阈升高、高频听阈升高的危险因素(P<0.05,OR>1);其他因素与低频听阈升高、高频听阈升高的相关性不大(P>0.05)。结论海上石油平台作业工人的个体噪声防护是有效的。在有效个体防护的前提下,工龄对听力的影响与噪声的累计效应的关系不大,还需要进一步证实。
Objective This paper discussed the effects of noise on hearing of workers under the special production environment and working system of offshore oil platform.Methods By using the cluster sampling method,615 workers were selected from six offshore oil platforms with similar size.The noise at working was measured through field investigation and post measurements.The occupational health examination data of the 615 subjects was followed up for three consecutive years.Different groups were divided according to the working years and the type of work.The SPSS software was used for statistical analysis and the affected extent of the hearing was compared.Results There were differences at different groups of working years at low-frequency hearing threshold of double ears（19.9±2.7 dB,20.5±3.2 dB,22.4±4.5 dB）,high-frequency hearing threshold of double ears（23.0±6.5 dB,26.7±10.0 dB,31.9±11.8 dB）,the incidence of lowfrequency hearing threshold shift（1.9%、3.3%、16.0%）,the incidence of high-frequency hearing threshold shift（4.1%、9.3%、20.0%）.The longer working years groups got higher detected rate than the shorter groups,and the difference was statistically significant（P〈0.05）.The working years was a risk factor of lowfrequency hearing threshold shift and high-frequency hearing threshold shift（P〈0.05,OR1）.There was no correlation between other factors and low-frequency hearing threshold shift and high-frequency hearing threshold shift（P〈0.05）.Conclusions The individual noise protection of offshore oil platform workers was effective.Under the premise of effective individual protection,the relationship between the effects of working years on hearing and the cumulative effects of noise is not significant,it needs further confirmation.
作者
宁宇
NING Yu(Offshore Oil Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin 300452 Chin)
出处
《工业卫生与职业病》
CAS
2018年第2期97-100,共4页
Industrial Health and Occupational Diseases
关键词
噪声
海上石油平台
听力
工龄
Noise
Offshore oil platform
Hearing~ Working years
