摘要
运用古DNA技术对新疆木垒县青铜时代中晚期平顶山墓群出土马骨进行遗传学分析。共选取8匹马骨骼样本,从中提取DNA并对线粒体DNA控制区和毛色控制基因的核DNA进行PCR扩增。全部样本获得了线粒体DNA序列,在8个序列中共检测出7个不同的单倍型,可以归属到5个不同的谱系A、D、E、F、G,均属于家马的范畴。毛色控制基因的SNP检测结果显示该墓群古代马的毛色有栗色(chestnut)、栗色有白斑(chestnut tobiano)、黑色(black)和金黄色(palomino)四种。平顶山墓群家马与年代稍晚但地域相近的石人子沟遗址家马一样,都具有相对较高的线粒体DNA和毛色的遗传多样性,推测这里应该是古代一个非常重要的产马地。此外这两个遗址家马毛色控制基因的核DNA研究都印证了古代人、马匹、墓葬、社会文化之间存在着复杂的关系。
This research aimed to use an ancient DNA approach to genetically characterize ancient horse remains of the Middle and Late Bronze Age from Pingdingshan site in Mulei, Xinjiang, China. DNA was successfully recovered from 8 ancient horse skeletal remains in dedicated ancient DNA labs following vigorous protocols for contamination prevention. Both mitocbondrial DNA (mtDNA) and single nucleotide polymorphic (SNP) markers for coat colors were PCR, amplified and sequenced, resulting in a high success rate (100%) for both mtl)NA and SNP markers. The obtained ancient 1)NA data revealed 7 haplotypes belonging to 5 different haplogroups (A, D, E, F and G) and 4 diffbrent coat colors (chestnut, chestnut tobiano, black and palomino), suggesting that all the ancient individuals belong to domesticated horse. The huge genetic diversity, and composition of mtDNA and SNP markers for coat col- or of thin horse remains from Pindingshan site are found to be similar to those from nearby Shirenzigou site with slighdy later antiquity, indicating this geographic region would be important for horse husbandry. A unique burial pattern (sex and coat color) of sacrificial horses strongly implied a complex relationship among people, horse, status and burial practices of the reg'ion.
出处
《南方文物》
CSSCI
北大核心
2017年第3期187-191,共5页
Cultural Relics in Southern China
基金
中国社会科学院创新工程项目
第51批中国博士后科学基金面上资助二等资助(批准号:2012M510694)
国家社会科学基金项目"中国家马起源的分子考古学研究"(14BKG023)
Henry Luce Foundation
SFU SMALL SSHRC共同资助
关键词
平顶山墓群
家马
古DNA
毛色
Pingdingshan site
domesticated horses
ancient DNA
coat color