摘要
对我国商业老字号的研究,需要建立"拟移民""移民"和"市民"三个概念并加以使用。老字号具有城乡二元社会发展的背景,需要吸纳农村移民,而农村亲友相携进城经商是调节城乡经济不平衡性的杠杆,但它不能直接转化为城市商业组织的机会成本。"拟移民"在原地农村环境中构筑了自己的微观变迁元素,这种元素能引导原地农民实现新的生存变迁,为此他们只能短暂地在城乡之间流动,最后还是回到农村务农。"移民"较长时间在城市环境中生活,经过城市商号孵化器的哺育,构筑城市文化的边界,包括共享、福利、机会和行业教育知识市场化等,携带其外地文化和外来文化,处理城乡环境变迁的问题,创造个人新价值。"市民"要在城市形成的有刺激的思想活力,能够创新,能融入城市商业文化,也被城市商业文化所影响,最后建成城市中小商号。对这种城市商业老字号,不能只用文献法去解读它,还要用口述史的方法去体会它,将之视为口述化的社会活动,这样研究者才能通过对商业老字号的研究,分析农民城市化的多元途径和复杂经历,认识商业老字号的特征与历史地位。北京商业老字号成文厚正是这种研究个案。
The author suggests that to conduct research on Chinese long-standing firms,three notions - ＂prospect migrant＂,＂migrant＂ and ＂citizen＂ - should be employed,which has the background of rural-urban dual social development. The cities absorb migrants from the rural areas. The villagers,who have relatives and friends in cities ,move and start business in the city ,which is the economic lever to adjust the unbalanced between rural and urban economy. However, it cannot be converted directly into the opportunity cost of the urban business associa- tion. ＂Prospect migrant＂ has formed micro-change elements in the indigenous rural environment,which can lead the farmers to the accomplishment of new survival changes. After receiving education from urban firms, they estab- lish the boundary of urban culture,including sharing, welfare, opportunity and marketization of the professional e- ducation knowledge. They bring with them culture from other provinces to deal with the rural-urban environmental changes and create new personal value. Required to possess incentive vitality, ＂Citizen＂ should be innovative, merged with and influenced by urban business culture, and later set up urban firms of themselves. Attention should be paid to the features of business culture and business association when conducting research on urban long-standing firms.
出处
《西北民族研究》
CSSCI
2018年第1期148-154,共7页
Journal of Northwestern Ethnic Studies
关键词
商业老字号
商人文化
商业组织
拟移民
移民
市民
long-standing firm
commercial culture
commercial organization
prospect migrant
migrant
citizen
