摘要
针对设施蔬菜生产不合理施用磷肥问题,采用3年定位试验,研究滴灌条件下施用不同量磷肥后,温室冬春茬黄瓜的日产量变化、光温响应,及其产瓜高峰期,明确养分需求最大效率期和适宜施磷量。共设3个施磷水平,分别为不施磷P0处理、推荐施磷量P1处理和农民常规磷量P2处理。P1处理磷量参考基础土壤Olsen-P测试值、土壤磷素丰缺指标和目标产量推荐,单季施用P_2O_5 300 kg·hm^(-2)。P2处理磷量按照调查所得河北省设施黄瓜生产磷肥平均用量设计,单季施用P_2O_5 675 kg·hm^(-2)。结果表明,(1)3年日产瓜量变化均符合二次曲线特征,产瓜高峰出现在定植后97~104 d,此时温室早8:00≥10℃的累计气温为1 389.4~1 849.6℃,累计日照时数为629.0~866.8 h;根据温室内外气温回归关系,估算该时期温室日均气温23~27℃、活动积温约1 650~2 050℃,该阶段即为冬春茬黄瓜养分需求最大效率期。(2)与P2处理相比,P1处理减施磷56%后磷素供应满足了黄瓜产量建成需求,3年产瓜高峰出现时期、高峰期产瓜量和总产量均无显著改变。(3)连续不施磷肥高产黄瓜果实成熟推迟,2009年P0较P2处理产瓜高峰推迟16 d,产瓜高峰形成时已接近拉秧期。综上,在华北平原地区光温条件下,温室冬春茬黄瓜养分需求最大效率期在5月下旬至6月上旬,满足该时期养分适量供应有利于提高肥料利用效率;在与供试条件相近的温室,冬春茬黄瓜目标产量170 t·hm^(-2)时,P_2O_5施用量300 kg·hm^(-2)(较农民常规施磷量减少50%以上)能保证产瓜高峰期不滞后,产量不降低。
A 3-year experiment was conducted to investigate the change pattern of daily yield and its response to sunlight duration and air temperature with different phosphorous rates during cucumber growing season under greenhouse condition. The formation of yield peak,the growth period for nutrient use with the highest efficiency and the appropriate phosphate rate were discussed in order to solve the problem of excessive application of phosphorus in greenhouse production in the North China Plain. Three treatments were designed in this experiment,including a non-phosphorus control（P0）,a recommended phosphorus rate（P1）and a farmers＇ conventional phosphorus rate（P2）. Based on the basic soil Olsen-P content,the abundance index of soil phosphorus and the target yield,the phosphorous rate was recommended as P_2O_5 300 kg · hm^（-2） in the P1 treatment. Based on the average amount of phosphate applied by farmers planting greenhouse cucumber in Hebei Province,the phosphorus rate of the P2 treatment was designed as P_2O_5 675 kg · hm^（-2）. The results showed that：（1）quadratic curve was used for describing the daily yield formation during 3 years：the daily yield peak was observed in 97–104 days after transplanting with the accumulated air temperature（8 am,≥ 10 ℃）1 389.4–1 849.6 ℃ and the accumulated sunlight duration 629.0–866.8 h：the average daily temperature was 23–27 ℃ and the estimated active accumulated air temperature was 1 650–2 050 ℃ at this point.（2）Although 56% of phosphate was reduced,the soil phosphorus supply in the P1 treatment was sufficient for yield formation and no significant change was observed in the yield peak and the total yield compared to the P2 treatment.（3）The yield peak was postponed for 16 days and close to the vine removed stage in the P0 treatments compared to the P2 treatment in 2009,which indicated that continuous non-phosphorus application leaded to the delay of the fruit maturation when high yield was formed. In conclusion,for winte
作者
李若楠
武雪萍
黄绍文
王丽英
陈丽莉
翟凤芝
史建硕
任燕利
LI Ruonan1,2, WU Xueping 1 , HUANG Shaowen1, WANG Liying2, CHEN Lili2, ZHAI Fengzhi2, SHI Jianshuo2, and REN Yanli2(1 National Engineering Laboratory for Improving Quality of Arable Land~Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beij＇ing 100081, China~ 21nstitute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050051, Chin)
出处
《园艺学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2018年第2期289-298,共10页
Acta Horticulturae Sinica
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0201001)
国家科技支撑计划课题(2015BAD22B03)
河北省农林科学院农业资源高效利用与绿色增长创新团队项目(F17R01)
关键词
黄瓜
冬春茬
产量建成
光温响应
养分需求最大效率期
施磷量
cucumber
winter-spring
yield formation
yield response to sunlight duration and air temperature
the growing period of nutrient use with the highest efficiency
phosphate rate
