摘要
黄庭坚用典之繁富为人所共知,而其用典的体系化及程式化则罕有论之者,但这却是黄诗创作中的重要手段之一。"典故程式"作为黄庭坚用典体系中的有机组成部分,是诗人从古代典籍中刻意挑选或精心熔铸而成的片语,它们常常在同样的韵律条件下(如"三字尾")反复使用,并常常结合了诗人对典故的独特甚至生硬的理解与运用("错本旨")。这既是山谷"点铁成金"的大匠钳锤,也是构建"瘦硬生新"风格的突出技艺。与此相关的探讨对于深入理解"山谷句法"及江西诗派的诗学内涵均具有一定的意义。
As one of the major poets in the Song Dynasty, Huang Tingjian is most skilled in using allusions, but it is rarely noticed that Huang is also the first poet in the history of Chinese poetry to create an allusive system which includes such skills as ＂deviating from the original meaning of the allusions＂, ＂using the exact original sentences completely or structurally＂, etc. Huang＇s allusions usually hold a harsh, coarse appearance and deliberately avoid the smooth, insinuative way~ however, it helps to create a unique poetical style which is in accordance with Huang＇s typical poetic ideal. In his poem-writing, Huang keeps repeating each of such allusions and often with the same phrases, both contrary to the traditional way of using allusions. From all of these points of view, Huang＇s allusions are somewhat formulaic （they can be called allusive formulae）, which is one of the most outstanding characteristics of his poetry. Formulaic theory is nowadays widely applied in the fields of both ancient cultures and literatures in all civilizations, which is closely related to their oral traditions. Huang＇s poetry is clearly none of the business of ＂ oral tradition＂, but it does have most of the formulaic characteristics, especially in constructing allusive phrases, repeatedly using such phrases in the same metrical conditions in his different 5-syllable and 7-syllable poems, etc. According to M. Parry＇s classical definition of ＂formula＂, Huang＇s allusive formulae can be defined as ＂a group of words, usually no less than 3 syllables, which is regularly employed under the same metrical conditions （at the beginning or the end of a 5-syllable or 7-syllable verse, or even the whole ~ ,! verse） to express an essential idea, coming or deviating from the meaning of an allusion . Such allusive formulae can trace their origins to Huang＇s accumulation method of allusions. Compared with his contemporary poets, Huang focuses more on the mode of presentation of the allusions than their appropri
出处
《浙江大学学报（人文社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2018年第2期138-150,共13页
Journal of Zhejiang University:Humanities and Social Sciences
基金
国家社科基金一般项目(13BZW034)
关键词
黄庭坚
诗歌创作
典故
典故程式
句法
三字尾
韵律
Huang Tingjian
creation of poetry
allusion
allusive formulae
syntactic structure
3-syllable end
versification
