摘要
黄土高原是世界上黄土分布最集中、覆盖度最大的地区,随着社会经济的发展,人类工程活动日益频繁,导致原本生态环境极其敏感的黄土高原变得更加脆弱,成为世界上水土流失最严重和发生地质灾害最频繁的地区之一。文章以黄土工程灾变为研究对象,总结了黄土地区工程灾变的类型、影响因素及形成机理等方面的研究成果。灾变类型主要包括震陷、液化、裂缝和崩、滑、流等几类;影响因素则包含自然和人类活动2个部分;分析其形成机理发现,灾变的发生与黄土体疏松的地质结构、粘聚力差和水敏性等特殊性质相关,是灾变发生的主要内在原因。但目前的研究仍存在诸多局限,主要表现为黄土地质灾害的孕育因素研究不全面;触发因素中的关键环节认识不清;黄土地质灾害链研究不成熟等,最后针对存在的问题提出了展望。
The loess plateau is the region with loess most concentrated and largest distributed in the world. With social and eeonomic development, the engineering activities of the human being are frequent increasingly. These cause the loess plateau with extremely sensitive ecological environment to become more fragile. And the loess plateau turns into one of the regions where soil and water loss is severe and geological disasters frequently ocenrs. In the paper, catastrophe of the loess engineering is taken as the study subject, summarizing the study achievements on types, impact factors and formation mechanism of the engineering catastruphe. The catastrophe types include earthquake collapse, liquefaction, cracks, crumbling, sliding and fluids, etc. Thee impact factors include the ones from nature and the human being, h finds in the analysis on the catastrophe mechanism that the catastrophe occurrence is related to the loose geological tectonics, weak cohesion, and water sensitivity of tbe loess body. They are the main internal reasons for the catastrophe occurrence. Currently, the study is restricted such that the study on the causing tactors for the loess geological disasters doesn＇t cover fidly, the critical steps in the trigging factors are not clear, and the study on the loess geological disaster chain is not mature, etc. Finally, an overview on the study hurdles are proposed in the paper.
出处
《西北水电》
2018年第1期1-6,共6页
Northwest Hydropower
基金
国家科技支撑计划项目(2013BAJ06B00)
国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0800501)
陕西省科技统筹创新工程项目(2016KTZDSF03-02)
CMEC2016年科研发基金项目(GCCT-KJYF-2016-15)
关键词
黄土高原
灾变
影响因素
机理
综述
loess plateau
catastrophe, impact factor
mechanism
summarization
