摘要
本文对大兴安岭北部火烧迹地森林土壤的性质及林木更新进行了调查、分析、研究。着重从林火、土壤、林木更新三者入手,将三者有机地结合起来,分别不同的火烧强度和不同的火烧时间,对火烧迹地森林土壤的性质变化和林木更新情况,设置标准地进行测定、采样、分析并与未火烧的相对比,找出火烧与森林土壤的性质及林木更新的关系,为火烧迹地的土壤改良,促进林木更新提供依据和措施:同时还可以找到适宜的火烧强度,将其做为该地区计划用火的指标,对森林实施人为控制定期火烧,清除林地枯枝落叶,促进营养循环,提高林地土壤肥力,促进林木更新,并达到以火防火的目的。研究发现,重度火烧可烧毁林褥层,提高土壤温度,降低土壤水分含量,损失土壤有机质,破坏土壤结构,土壤比重变大,容量变大,土壤孔隙度下降,土壤pH值升高,土壤中营养元素N、P、K、Ca含量下降,降低了土壤肥力,易于发生水土流失,严重影响林木更新。轻度火烧可烧掉部分林褥层,提高土壤温度,增加土壤有效水分含量,增加土壤有机质含量,改善土壤结构,土壤比重变小,容量变小,土壤孔隙度增大,土壤pH值升高,土壤中营养元素N、P、K、Ca含量增加,提高土壤肥力,有利于林木更新。
This paper investigate and analyse forest soil property and forest tree regenration in fire slash in the north of Daxingan Mountains Acording to different fire intensity and fire time,I set up plot and take measurements, colect soil example and analyse.Ⅰcompare it with normal land, and discover the relation between forest fire and forest soil property and forest tree regeneration.so as to provide scientific basis and measure fire soil improvement and for lastening forest tree regeneration in burns.Ⅰfind that serious fire leads to the lose of soil organic matter,raising soil temperature,reducing soil moisture content, distructing soil stucture, increasing soil PH-value, reducing nutritive element (N. P. K. Ca.act) content,decreasing soil fertility and easily happening soil lose, and affacts forest tree regenration seriously, but slight fire causes increasing soil organic matter, raising soil temperature, increasing soil moisture content,improving soil structure, promoting soil PH-value,increasing nutritive element (N.P.K.Ca act) content,raising soil fertility and hastening forest tree regeneration.
关键词
林火
森林土壤
林木更新
Forest fire
Forest soil
Forest tree reycneration
