摘要
库尔德问题是中东地区民族国家建构的重要问题。伊拉克库族经历族群民族主义孕育和长期发展,率先实现了自治目标。2003年伊拉克战争后,中央政权约束力下降,库尔德族群民族主义开始向民族主义转型。中东剧变后,随着地缘政治环境变化,库族面临独立建国的历史机遇。与此同时,自2003年伊拉克战争后,在美军占领当局主导下,伊拉克在分权制原则基础上建立联邦政府。但联邦制的架构存在结构性问题,伊拉克实际上仅建立了准联邦国家。库族独立运动对伊拉克联邦的存在构成严重威胁。但由于库尔德独立的内外条件尚不成熟,这使它留在联邦与什叶派一起主导伊拉克政治发展,联邦内暂时以教派分权的固定框架维系脆弱的平衡。
The Kurd issue is a significant issue in constructing the national state in Middle East.Having bred the ethnic nationalism in a long run,Iraqi Kurds were the first to accomplish their goal of autonomy.Since the Iraq War in 2003,the central government’s binding power declined and the Kurds’ethnic nationalism began to transform into nationalism.With the drastic changes in Middle East and the geo-political environment,the Kurds are facing a historic opportunity to found an independent state.After the Iraq War,Iraq,dominated by the US occupation authorities,established a federal government under the principle of decentralization of powers.However,the structuring of the federal government has some structural problems.What Iraq establishes is in fact a would-be federal state.The independence movement of the Kurds poses a serious threat for Iraq federation.However,as the external conditions of the Kurds’independence are not maturing enough,the Kurds continue to stay in the federation and dominate Iraq’s political development together with the Shiites.The fragile balance of the federation is temporarily maintained through the fixed framework of religious sects’separation of powers.
出处
《兰州大学学报（社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2018年第1期173-181,共9页
Journal of Lanzhou University（Social Sciences）
基金
国家社会科学基金一般项目(17BSS017)
