摘要
产生于商周之际的忧患观念可通过对中国先秦时代众多典籍的文本线索钩沉而开显出来。孔子对于理论形态的忧患意识有豁显之功。从外部历史环境因素来看,缘于春秋末期"一多互摄"的生存格局;从内在因素来看,缘于孔子的主体内省。孔子提倡患在内不在外,在己不在人,开启了反求诸己、反省内求的思维方式,在教育实践中处处以生活化、艺术化、时机化、情境化方式展示,并将忧患意识内显于仁、外化于行,实现了个人忧患与国家前途命运的结合,且由内而外自然导出了敬畏化、礼仪化的忧患意识——礼,完成了仁礼合一、仁智双显十字打开式的通达思想架构。
The sense of suffering,which was firstly shaped in the Shang and Zhou Dynasties,can be displayed through reviewing many classics of the pre-in period.Confucius had done a lot to make it lucid in theory.The external factors lie in the situation of ＂ a mutual perturbation＂ in the late Spring and Autumn Period,and its internal factors are Confucius＇ own self-examination.Confucius advocated cultivating one＇s sense of suffering from the inside instead of the outside,from oneself instead of the other people.He started the thinking way of self-examination and practiced it in life-oriented,artistic,timing and contextualized forms in his teaching.He advocated internalizing the sense of suffering in the sense of benevolence and externalizing it in behavior,and thus achieved the combination of the awareness of personal suffering and the concern for the fate of the country.In this way,he naturally derived the sense of suffering of Li（ propriety） characterized by the sense of awe and etiquette and developed his thought featured by the unity of Ren（ benevolence）,and Li（ propriety）,and the unity of Ren（ benevolence） and Zhi（ wisdom）.
出处
《中国石油大学学报（社会科学版）》
2018年第1期62-67,共6页
Journal of China University of Petroleum (Edition of Social Sciences)
基金
山东省艺术科学重点课题(1607293)
青岛理工大学琴岛学院教学改革研究重点项目(2016001A)
关键词
忧患意识
孔子
抽绎
省思
人文自觉
sense of suffering
Confucius
combing
reflection
humanistic consciousness
