摘要
生态位与种间竞争、资源利用密切联系,体现了物种在群落中利用资源的能力。为探明浙江沿岸海域虾类分布格局的形成和影响因素,通过相对重要性指数确定了虾类群落优势种,分别采用Levins公式和Pianka指数计测了虾类优势种生态位宽度和生态位重叠,并通过典范对应分析(CCA)研究生态位分化情况。结果表明:研究海域共出现13种虾类优势种,根据生态位宽度大小将研究海域内的虾类优势种分为3类,细巧仿对虾、细螯虾、鲜明鼓虾和中华管鞭虾属于第一类群,以上4种虾类的空间生态位宽度较宽;日本鼓虾、哈氏仿对虾、鹰爪虾、中国毛虾和葛氏长臂虾属于第二类群,这5种虾类空间生态位略低于第一类群,但其生态位仍相对较宽;戴氏赤虾、脊腹褐虾、东海红虾和大管鞭虾这4种虾类的空间生态位较窄,属第三类群;生态位重叠指数变化范围在0.00~0.78,将重叠指数按照大于0.6、0.3~0.6和小于0.3划分为重叠度较高、重叠度较低和重叠度低3个重叠度等级,结果表明,虾类优势种生态位重叠以较低和低2个等级为主;虾类分布受水深、底层溶解氧和底层盐度的影响较大,受水温影响较小。虾类群落优势种空间生态位与生活习性、种间竞争、摄食以及海洋环境因子等多种因素有关。
Ecological niche had close relations with inter-species competition and resources utilization,which can be used as an indicator to symbolize the resources utilization capability of species in the community.In order to approach the distribution pattern of shrimp and related affected factors in the Zhejiang coastal area,the dominant species of shrimp community were determined first by index of relative importance,the niche breadths and niche overlaps of the shrimp′s dominant species were determined by using Levins formulae and Pianka index,and then,the differentiation of the niche was studied by canonical correspondence analysis（CCA）.The result showed that there were 13 dominant species of shrimp in study area,which were divided 3 types according to the values of the niche breadths,Parapenaeopsis tenella,Leptochela gracilis,Alpheus distinguendus and Solenocera crassicornis belonged to the first group which had large wide niche.The second group included Alpheus japonicus,Parapenaeopsis hardwickii,Trachypenaeus curvirostris,Acetes chinensis and Palaemon gravieri,whose niche breadths were also wide correspondingly but lower than the first group slightly.Metapenaeopsis dalei,Crangon affinis,Plesionika izumiae and Solenocera melantho had narrow niche breadths which belonged to the third group.The niche overlap indexes ranged from 0.00-0.78.Three overlap levels that were superior（0.6）,inferior（0.3-0.6）and low（0.3）were divided,the levels of inferior and low were gave first place in the shrimp＇s dominant species.The CCA analysis showed that the spatial distribution of the shrimp was more affected by depth,bottom dissolved oxygen,and bottom salinity rather than water temperature.The spatial niche of the shrimp species was correlated with their living habit,inter-species competition,prey-predator relationship and marine environmental factors.
出处
《海洋学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2018年第2期77-86,共10页
基金
农业部公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201303047)
浙江省自然科学基金(LY17C190006)
浙江省科技厅科研院所专项(2016F30018
2017C32031)
关键词
虾类
优势种
生态位
典范对应分析
浙江沿岸
shrimp
dominant species
niche
canonical correspondence analysis（CCA）
Zhejiang coastal area
