摘要
对自20世纪80年代以来中国开展的马铃薯土壤氮素丰缺指标与适宜施氮量研究进行了系统总结。结果表明,30年来中国马铃薯土壤氮素丰缺指标与适宜施氮量皆出现了上升趋势;不同区域马铃薯土壤氮素丰缺指标差异很大,缺氮处理相对产量90%的土壤碱解氮和全氮含量指标分别变动于119~262 mg/kg和1.2~2.2 g/kg;除内蒙古、福建和重庆外,中国马铃薯土壤氮素丰缺指标研究存在很多空白区域;中国马铃薯土壤普遍缺氮,氮素丰缺级别集中于级别较低的第3~5级,缺氮处理相对产量大多介于60%~90%;土壤养分丰缺指标研究的试验点数不宜过少,丰缺指标高端和低端可以各采用一个外推数据,但应予以注明;可以采用"养分平衡—地力差减法"确定不同氮素丰缺级别马铃薯土壤的适宜施氮量;适宜施氮量与土壤氮素丰缺级别线性负相关,与目标产量线性正相关;当氮肥当季利用率40%、目标产量15.0~60.0 t/hm^2时,马铃薯土壤氮素丰缺级别第1~7级的适宜施氮量范围依次为0~0,23~90,45~180,68~270,90~360,113~450和135~540 kg/hm^2。
Researches on abundance-deficiency index(ADI) of soil nitrogen for potato(SNFP) and appropriate nitrogen fertilizer application rate(ANFAR) conducted in China since the 1980 s were systematically summarized.The results showed that ADI of SNFP and ANFAR in China had appeared rising trend in 30 years.There were considerable differences in their ADI of SNFP in different regions,and ADI of soil alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen and the total nitrogen for potato for 90% relative yield(RY) of the complete nutrients treatment except nitrogen(TCNTEN) changed from 119 to 262 mg/kg and 1.2-2.2 g/kg.Except Inner Mongolia,Fujian and Chongqing,researches on ADI of SNFP in China had many blank regions.Soil N deficiency for potato in China were common,and the abundance-deficiency levels of SNFP focused on the comparatively low level 3-5,and most RYs of TCNTEN were between 60%-90%.For research on ADI of soil nutrient,the numbers of trial sites should not be too few,and using extrapolating data for the high-end and low-end of ADI should be careful and indicated.ANFAR for different abundance-deficiency levels of SNFP could be determined with methods of nutrient balance and dissimilar subtraction of soil fertility.ANFAR and the abundance-deficiency level of SNFP are linear negative correlation.ANFAR and the yield goal are linear positive correlation.When the nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency in current season is 40% and the target yield is 15.0-60.0 t/ha,ANFAR for the SNFP abundance-deficiency level 1-7 from high to low are 0-0,23-90,45-180,68-270,90-360,113-450 and 135-540 kg/ha,respectively.
出处
《中国马铃薯》
2018年第1期28-34,共7页
Chinese Potato Journal
基金
国家现代农业产业技术体系建设项目资助(CARS-35)
关键词
测土施肥
土壤养分
碱解氮
全氮
丰缺指标
施肥量
soil testing and fertilizer recommendation
soil nutrient
alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen
total nitrogen
abundance-deficiency index
fertilizer application rate
