摘要
【目的】苹果连作障碍是制约苹果产业可持续发展的重要因素之一。研究生物炭复合有机肥混合处理对连作条件下平邑甜茶幼苗生物量、根系呼吸速率、根系指标和土壤环境的影响,探讨生物炭复合有机肥对苹果连作障碍的防控效果,为老果园改造提供理论依据。【方法】盆栽条件下,以苹果常用砧木—平邑甜茶为试材,设计了连作土壤(CK)、连作土用溴甲烷熏蒸处理(F)、连作土+2%有机肥(OF)、连作土+2%生物炭(B)、连作土+2%有机肥+2%生物炭(BOF)5个处理。采用常规方法测定了不同处理对平邑甜茶幼苗生物量、根系呼吸速率、根系指标及土壤酶活性的影响,用Illumina Mi Seq 2 x 300 bp平台和实时荧光定量PCR测定了不同处理土壤中真菌群落结构和尖孢镰刀菌数量。【结果】生物炭、有机肥以及二者复合施用,均可提高平邑甜茶幼苗的生物量,三种处理的根系呼吸速率分别是对照的1.3、1.2和1.5倍;经生物炭、有机肥或二者复合处理后,幼苗总根长、根体积以及表面积虽然不如F处理的效果好,但是也明显高于连作土对照,其中BOF处理效果最好,分别是对照的2.3、4.8和3.4倍;三种处理还可增强土壤酶活性,其中以生物炭复合有机肥效果最佳,土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶和磷酸酶活性分别为对照的2.1、2.9和2.9倍;三种处理不同程度地改善了连作土壤真菌群落结构,生物炭复合有机肥对土壤真菌丰富度和多样性的提高效果最为显著,与其他三个处理差别明显;溴甲烷灭菌、生物炭配施有机肥处理土壤中尖孢镰刀菌基因拷贝数均显著低于连作土,说明连作土壤中以尖孢镰刀菌为主的有害真菌数量明显减少。【结论】施用生物炭复合有机肥相比于单施生物炭或者有机肥,能更好地提高连作条件下平邑甜茶幼苗的生长发育,增强土壤酶活性,二者配施明显优化了土壤真菌群落结构,降低了土壤中尖孢
[Objectives] Apple replanting disease （ARD） is a major factor that restricts the sustainable development of apple industry. In this research, biochar and organic fertilizer were simultaneously used to improve the resistance of apple seedlings to replanting disease, expecting to provide a theoretical support for the prevention and control of ARD for the renewal of aged orchards.[Methods] A pot experiment was carried out to study the effects of biochar, organic fertilizer, and their combined application on the apple seedlings and soil environment suffered from ARD. The seedlings of Malus hupehensis Rehd. were planted in pots with apple replant soil. The experiment included 5 treatments, which were no biochar nor organic fertilizer （CK）, 2% biochar （B）, 2% organic fertilizer （OF）, 2% biochar ＋ 2% organic fertilizer （BOF） and methyl bromide sterilization （F）. The biomass, root respiration rate and indicators of Malus hupehensis Rehd. seedlings were measured by conventional method. The number of microorganism, fungal group structure and the Fusarium oxysporum numbers were detected by Illumina high-throughput sequencing technology on Miseq platform and a real-time quantitative PCR detection system.[Results] Compared with the control, the treatment B, OF, and BOF all significantly enhanced the plant height, ground diameter, fresh and dry weight. B, OF, and BOF treatments increased the root respiration rate significantly, which were 1.3, 1.2 and 1.5 times of that in control, respectively. The treatments of B, OF, and BOF increased the root total length, root surface area, root volume significantly, with the highest in BOF treatment, they were 2.3, 4.8 and 3.4 times of those in control. The three treatments also increased the soil enzyme activates, with the best effect in BOF, in which the soil urease, invertase and phosphatase activities were 2.1, 2.9 and 2.9 times of those in control. The three treatments ameliorated the soil fungal community structure in different degrees. BOF significantly im
出处
《植物营养与肥料学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2018年第1期220-227,共8页
Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers
基金
现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金(CARS-28)
山东省高校科技计划项目(J15LF06)
山东省重点研发计划项目(2016GNC111009)资助.
关键词
平邑甜茶幼苗
生物炭
有机肥
真菌群落
土壤酶
Malus hupehensis Rehd.
biochar
organic fertilizer
fungal community
soil enzyme
