摘要
面对日益严重的能源危机,开发可再生新能源迫在眉睫。氘氚聚变能产能巨大,是世界范围内的研发热点。氢同位素分离技术在氘氚聚变反应的燃料循环和尾气处理方面均发挥着重要作用。本文综述了氢同位素分离技术的研究和应用现状,包括分离方法及分离材料。对不同分离方法的发展历程、工作原理及特点进行了概述,重点介绍了应用范围广泛的热循环吸附法;对分离材料的发展历程进行了概述,重点对载钯硅藻土（Pd/k）的不同制备工艺进行了对比分析,包括以氯化钯和以硝酸钯氨为浸渍液的传统制备方法和以乙酰丙酮钯为浸渍液的超声制备方法。提出了通过分析基底材料——硅藻土的吸附机制优化Pd/k材料性能的研究思路。基于硅藻土的固-液吸附机制的研究主要集中在环境保护机制中的污水处理部分,通过借鉴硅藻土对水溶液中重金属离子,如Cr^3＋,Zn^2＋等的吸附探究Pd/k制备过程中的微观机制,可以为优化Pd/k性能提供理论参考。
Facing the increasingly serious energy crisis, developing renewable energy is imminent. Deuterium and tritium fusion energy has a large energy production capacity, and thus it becomes the research focus worldwide. Hydrogen isotope separation technique plays an important role in deuterium and tritium fusion reaction on the aspects of fuel recycle and tail gas disposal. Research and appli-cation of hydrogen isotope separation technology were reviewed in this article, including the separation process and the separation material. The development history, working principles and properties of different separation processes were summarized, and the widely used thermal cycling absorption process was emphatically introduced ; the development history of different separation materials was outlined, while a comparative analysis of different preparation methods for the palladiunv/kieselguhr （Pd/k） was emphasized, including the traditional way of using palladium chloride or palladium ammonia nitrate as the precursor and the uhrasonic way of using bispalladium as the precursor. It proposed a research idea of optimizing the Pd/k performance by analyzing the adsorption mechanism of the substrate material-kieselguhr. Based on solid-liquid adsorption mechanism, the research in palladium＇s adsorption was mainly focused on sewage disposal of the environmental protection mechanism, and by drawing lessons from the kieselguhr＇s adsorption of heavy metal ions, for example, Cr^3＋ and Zn^2＋ , the micro-mechanism of Pd/k preparation could be explored, providing a theoretical reference for the optimization of Pd/k performance.
出处
《稀有金属》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2018年第2期213-219,共7页
Chinese Journal of Rare Metals
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(51401029)资助
关键词
氢同位素
硅藻土
钯
吸附
hydrogen isotope
kieselguhr
palladium
adsorption
