摘要
盐渍土是中国重要耕地土壤,由于土壤中盐基离子含量高,影响植物生育,为此改良盐渍土意义重大。该研究以黑龙江省苏打碱土为供试土壤,采用土层置换犁将稻壳埋于20~30cm土层中,以单独的机械耕作不埋稻壳为对照,田间作业8 a后再次调查土壤理化性质,研究结果:土壤有机碳、速效氮、磷、钾含量与对照比有增加趋势,各层土壤pH值降低0.37~0.41,Na^+降低40.68~212.35 mg/kg;土壤固相率约40%,与对照比下降了3.68%~8.86%,土壤总孔隙度增加到57.38%~60.58%之间,有效孔隙比例大,占总孔隙的22.7%~26.8%,对照有效孔隙占总孔隙的19.0%~23.7%;土壤通气、透水性分别是对照的10~121 5倍和118~173 5倍,0~30 cm土层水库容量高于对照18.58 mm;速效水库容高于对照10.71 mm;稻壳深施持续后效长,改善苏打碱土比单一机械耕作有效,是适合盐渍土改良的一项技术,而且可以通过机械手段得以实现。
Saline soil is an important soil resource in China.The area of saline soil in China is 9.91×10^6 hm^2.The total area of saline soil in Heilongjiang province is 2.43×10^6 hm^2,and the area cultivated for cultivated land is 1.6×10^6 hm^2.The saline soil in Heilongjiang province is mainly distributed in Anda,Zhaodong,Zhaoyuan,Daqing in the Songnen Plain,and the Sanjiang plain also has a small amount of distribution.Because of the high content of exchange base in saline soil,it is harmful to the growth of crops.Therefore,governments at all levels and scientific research departments have spent great amount of resources to the improvement of saline soil,and have developed various techniques and methods for improving saline soil,such as subsoiling,gypsum,soil conditioner,salt pipe disposal and so on.However,there are some problems with these methods.Rice husk deep application technology is the technology for improving saline soil developed by our research group for many years.Rice husk has many advantages,such as ample source of material,low cost and resistance to decay.In this study,soda alkaline soil of Heilongjiang province was used as test soil,and rice husk was embedded in 20-30 cm soil layer by a special machine,and the single mechanical tillage without rice husk was used as the control.The results of two years＇ investigation showed that rice husk deep application had significant effects on improving soil physical and chemical properties and forage yield.Based on that,field with rice husk amendment conducted eight years ago was investigated for soil physical and chemical properties.The results showed that after eight years of deep application of rice husks,the effects on the physical and chemical properties of the modified soda alkaline soil were still obvious.The soil organic carbon,available nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium content of rice hull deep application showed an increasing trend compared with treatments without rice husk applications.The total amount of exchange base decreased in 0-30 cm soil laye
出处
《农业工程学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2018年第2期147-152,共6页
Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
基金
公益性行业专项(201303126-7),科技支撑项目(2014BAD11B01-A027),省招标项目(GA14B101-A04)
关键词
耕作
土壤
盐分
苏打碱土
稻壳
深施
孔隙
cultivation
soils
salts
soda alkaline soil
rice husk
deep application
pore
