摘要
选取3种东北黑土区有代表性的侵蚀性降雨(60,90,120mm/h)和3个典型坡度(3°,5°和7°),采用模拟降雨试验方法,研究不同降雨强度和坡度下黑土区土质道路路面径流量、侵蚀量以及产流产沙过程的变化特征。结果表明:不同降雨强度和坡度试验处理的径流量主要变化于56.3~61.8mm;而路面侵蚀速率随降雨强度和坡度的增加分别增大1.8~11.0倍和1.2~10.0倍,且二者相互促进,共同影响土质道路路面土壤侵蚀。此外,降雨强度对黑土区土质道路路面产流率变化过程的影响明显,而坡度的影响较小。随着降雨强度和坡度的增加,含沙量均明显增大,且波动幅度逐渐增强。可见,降雨强度和坡度对黑土区土质道路路面侵蚀影响显著,可以通过消减雨滴动能以及改变路面性质防治道路水土流失。
The simulated rainfall method was applied,and three rainfall intensities（60,90 and 120 mm/h）of representative erosive rainfall and three common slope gradients（3°,5°and 7°）were chosen in the black soil region to analyze the effects of rainfall intensities and slope gradients on runoff,soil erosion,runoff rates and sediment concentrations of farmland unpaved road.The results showed that the total runoff mainly varied between 56.3 mm and 61.8 mm for different treatments.However,soil erosion rates increased 1.8-11.0 and 1.2-10.0 times,respectively with increasing rainfall intensities and slope gradients.Additionally,the mixed impacts of rainfall intensity and slope gradient on soil erosion were greater than those of the individual impact of the influencing factors.There was a mutual stimulation among the factors upon soil erosion.Furthermore,the effects of rainfall intensities on runoff rate patterns were obvious,while the effects of slope gradients were small.As rainfall intensities and slope gradients were increased,sediment concentrations obviously increased,and the fluctuation ranges also strengthened.Therefore,rainfall intensity and slope gradient showed notable effects on soil erosion of farmland unpaved road in the black soil region,and controlling rainfall and runoff erosivity,or changing pavement characteristics could effectively prevent soil and water loss on hillslopes.
作者
沈海鸥
刘健
王宇
温磊磊
刘建祥
赵占军
SHEN Haiou;LIU Jian;WANG Yu;WEN Leilei;LIU Jianxiang;ZHAO Zhanjun(Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Soil Resources in the Commodity Grain Bases in J ilin Province, College of Resources and Environment, J ilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118;Songliao Water Resources Committee, MWR, Changchun 130021)
出处
《水土保持学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2017年第6期123-126,共4页
Journal of Soil and Water Conservation
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(41601281)
国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2014ZX07201011)
水土保持业务-松辽流域全国水土流失动态监测与公告项目(126205012000150001)
吉林农业大学博士启动基金项目(201636)
关键词
降雨强度
坡度
土质道路路面
径流量
侵蚀量
黑土区
rainfall intensity
slope gradient
unpaved road
runoff
soil erosion
black soil region
