摘要
【目的】本研究旨在评价樟脑罗勒Ocimum canum Sims(唇形科)叶的正己烷、丙酮和甲醇提取物对四纹豆象Callosobruchus maculatus(F.)的杀虫、保护和驱避潜力。【方法】用剂量为1和5 g/kg豆粒的樟脑罗勒提取物包被处理豇豆和大豆豆粒,并以相同剂量的市售苦楝籽油进行包被处理作为参照。7 d内每隔1 d检查处理豆粒中四纹豆象成虫的死亡率。在四纹豆象的各个未成熟期,通过处理新产卵和幼虫,进行杀卵毒性和杀幼虫毒性测试。贮存4个月后评价豆粒受损情况和重量损失。应用线型嗅觉仪,通过选择试验测定驱避效果。【结果】提取物对四纹豆象成虫的毒性与市售苦楝籽油相同,在处理的豇豆中,提取物比市售的苦楝籽油毒性更强。5 g/kg豆粒提取物这一剂量处理7 d内,正己烷、丙酮和甲醇提取物分别引起54.2%±3.9%,62.9%±4.8%和60.3%±4.5%的成虫死亡。此外,与测试的标准杀虫剂相比,提取物激发这两种豆粒产生更强的驱避效果。这一产物对卵的毒性最强,对1和2龄幼虫的毒性比对其他发育阶段豆象的毒性强。正己烷提取物对2龄幼虫的毒性最强(致死率为81.0%±5.3%),而丙酮提取物和甲醇提取物对1龄幼虫的毒性最强,致死率分别为92.5%±7.5%和62.0%±15.7%。丙酮提取物对1和2龄幼虫的毒性与测试的标准杀虫剂相似,对蛹的毒性强于测试的标准杀虫剂。贮存4个月后,豇豆受损和重量损失分别减轻3倍和2倍多。【结论】本研究结果表明,樟脑罗勒提取物对四纹豆象具有潜在的驱避和杀虫活性,由于容易获得,因此强烈建议将该植物用于喀麦隆的害虫治理策略中。
[ Aim ] The present study was carried out to evaluate the insecticidal, protectant and repellent potentials of hexane, acetone and methanol extracts of leaves of Ocimum canum Sims （ Lamiaceae ） against Callosobruchus maculatus （F.） （Coleoptera： Chrysomelidae）. [ Methods ] Cowpea and soybean were coated with extracts from O. canum at dosages of 1 and 5 g/kg grains and commercial neem seed oil （NSO） as a reference at the same dosages. Adult mortality of C. maculatus was assessed during a period of seven days, one day interval. Ovicidal and larvicidal toxicity was tested by treating freshly laid eggs and larvae at different immature stages of C. maculatus. Grain damage and weight loss were assessed after a storage period of four months. Repellency effects were detected in choice test using a linear olfactometer. [ Results ] Extracts had the same toxicity to C. maculatus adults and proved to be more toxic than the commercial NSO in treated cowpea. Hexane, acetone and methanol extracts caused 54.2% _＋3.9% , 62.9% _＋4.8% and 60.3% _＋4.5% adult mortality, respectively, within seven days of exposure to the dosage of 5 g/kg cowpea grain. Moreover, extracts evoked stronger repellency effects compared with the tested standard insecticide, irrespective of grain species. The products were the most toxic to eggs, and more toxic to 1st and 2nd instar larvae than to other developmental stages. Hexane extract was the most effective against the 2nd instar larvae （81.0% _＋ 5.3% mortality）, while acetone extract （92.5% _＋ 7.5% mortality） and methanol extract （62.0% _＋ 15. 7% mortality） were the most effective against the 1st instar larvae. Acetone extract had a similar toxicity with the tested standard insecticide against the 1st and 2nd instar larvae and was superior against the pupae. Cowpea grain damage and weight loss were reduced by more than three- and two-fold, respectively, after four months of storage. [ Conclusion] The outcome of this study indicates the potential of extracts from
作者
Daniel KOSINI
Elias Nchiwan NUKENINE
Clément SAIDOU
Alembert Tiabou TCHINDA
Gabriel Agbor AGBOR
Daniel KOSINIl;Elias Nchiwan NUKENINE;Clament SAIDOU;Alembert Tiabou TCHINDA;Gabriel Agbor AGBOR(School of Health Sciences, Catholic University Institute of Saint J6rSme, Douala, Cameroon;Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Ngaoundere, Cameroon;Department of Chemical Engineering and Environment, UIT of the University of Ngaoundere, Cameroon;Medical Research Institute and Studies of Medicinal Plants （IMPM）, Yaound6, Cameroon)
出处
《昆虫学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2017年第12期1420-1429,共10页
Acta Entomologica Sinica
基金
Alexander-von-Humboldt Foundation,Bonn,Germany,for Equipment Grant (no.3.4-B151/11 016) to E.N.Nukenine
关键词
四纹豆象
樟脑罗勒
豆类
毒性
驱避性
Callosobruchus mactdatus
Ocimum cantm
pulse
toxicity
repellency
