摘要
中铎是指中国本土传教士。西洋传教士要把天主教输入中国,深知必须有土著人员的配合,因而重视中国神职人员的培养。如在中国本土开办初修院,在意大利开办中国学院,招收中国青少年信徒。中国教徒中的执着者,在洋教士的资助下进入澳门、周边国家地区和西欧各类教会学校,学习神学,成为修士、神父。教会与信徒两种力量结合,造就了中国神职人员。在清代前期的禁教环境下,中铎协助潜匿、潜入的西洋传教士在广东、福建、江苏、直隶、湖南、湖北、江西、山东、山西、陕西、甘肃、四川、云南、贵州、奉天等教区持续活动,延续了中国教徒的宗教生活,以至发展新教徒,使得中国天主教不绝如缕。从法显、玄奘到清朝前期郑玛诺、殷若望、杨执德等人的留学经历可知,中国早期的留学生均是以学习宗教神学为目的,亦是民间自发进行的,这种现象值得深入研讨。
＂Zhong Duo＂refered to Chinese native missionaries. Western missionaries, who want to bring Catholics into China, had understood the important of Chinese Catholics and paid attention to the cultivation of Chinese clergy. For example, they opened many priory monasterys in China and created a seminary in Italy, and recruited young Catholics from China. The persistent person from Chinese Catholics, with the assistance of foreign missionaries, entered all kinds of Christian schools in Macao, neighboring countries of china and western Europe to study theology and become friars and priests. The combination of church and Catholics created the Chinese clergy. Under the policy of church -ban in the early Qing Dynasty, Chinese mis- sionaries assisted the hiding and infiltrating western missionaries continue their activities in the diocese of Guangdong, Fujian and Jiangsu etc. and extended the religious life of Chinese Christians and even developed more Catholics, so that the Catholi- cism could not be banned. The study abroad experience from Faxian, Xuanzang to Emmanuel de Sequeira, Joannes Evangelis- ta In and Yang Zhi - de in the early Qing Dynasty show that all Chinese students in the early years were studied religious theol- ogy for their own purposes, and were spontaneously conducted by the people. This phenomenon deserves further study.
出处
《安徽史学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2018年第1期18-33,共16页
Historical Research In Anhui
关键词
清代前期
禁教
中铎
天主教
early Qing Dyansty
policy of church - ban
Chinese missionary
Cathplicism
