摘要
1988年以来,中国和日本是对缅甸援助最多的两个国家。尽管中日官方援助均对促进缅甸经济社会发展起到了重要作用,但两国官方在援助理念、援助领域、援助方式等方面都存在较为明显的差别。在援助理念上,中方强调不干涉内政的援助原则,日方则坚持援助与政治挂钩原则;在援助领域,中方侧重于大型的基础设施援建,日方则侧重于民生领域的援助;在援助方式方面,中日双方区别不大,但中方倾向于"政府对政府"的援助形式,主要通过企业来实施完成,不太重视对外宣传,日本则倾向于"政府对民间"的援助形式,主要通过NGO来实现援助目标,同时尤为重视援助宣传。通过对比发现,中日官方都极为重视对缅援助,且对缅援助各具特色。但数据分析对比的结果表明,日本的对缅援助效果总体上要优于中方。故未来中方在开展对缅援助过程中,除保持自身优势之外,还可适当借鉴日本对缅援助经验,重点在完善援助机制、调整对缅援助重点、丰富对缅援助模式、加大宣传力度等方面下功夫,以提高对缅援助的实效。
Since 1988, China and Japan have been the two countries which provided the most official supports to Myanmar, which is significant in promoting the economic and social development in Myanmar. Nevertheless, there are obvious differences in concepts of aid, forms of aid and fields of aid between China and Japan. In terms of concepts, China emphasizes on the of non-interference principle in internal affairs, while Japan insists on the principle that aid is connected with politics. In fields of aid, China focuses on large-scale infrastructure reconstruction, while Japan focuses on assistance to improve people＇s livelihood. As for forms of aid, China and Japan have little difference. China tends to provide supports on the governmental level and complete the supports mainly through enterprises, paying little attention to publicity; While Japan tends to offer governmental assistance to private sectors and meet their goals mainly through NGOs,paying much attention to publicity. By contrast, we find China and Japan both attach great importance to assistance to Burma and their assistance have their own characteristics. However, Findings from data analysis show that Japan＇s aid generally has better effect on Burma than that of China. Therefore, in addition to maintaining our own advantages, China should also draw on Japan＇s experience, focusing on improving aid mechanism, shifting priority, enriching aid patterns,and making more publicity efforts to improve effect of our aid to Myanmar.
出处
《深圳大学学报（人文社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2018年第1期79-86,共8页
Journal of Shenzhen University：Humanities & Social Sciences
基金
国家社会科学基金重大招标项目"缅甸国内形势与对外关系综合调查数据库建设"(16ZDA093)
国家社会科学基金一般项目"缅甸对华政策中的民粹主义因素及对策研究"(16BGJ042)
关键词
中国
日本
缅甸
对缅援助
官方发展援助
对外援助机制
援缅效果
China
Japan
Myanmar
aid to Myanmar
official development assistance
foreign aid mechanism
effects of aid to Myanmar
