摘要
良好的球感是优秀运动员成功的重要因素之一,它包含对球的速度、方向与运动轨迹等的精确感知。表征动量是个体普遍拥有的一种空间记忆错觉现象,即观察者对运动物体的最终位置的记忆沿着物体运动的方向发生偏移。表征动量会影响到个体对运动物体空间位置的准确感知和判断。通过2个试验比较国家健将级女子排球运动员和普通女大学生在表征动量现象上的差异,探讨排球运动水平对表征动量的影响。试验一的表征动量任务使用诱导运动范式和被动判断反应方式,试验二的表征动量任务使用平滑运动范式和鼠标主动定位反应方式。结果发现:诱导运动范式下,在水平向右运动方向上,学生比运动员的偏移加权均数更大;平滑运动范式下,在高速运动条件下,学生比运动员的水平移位差更大。综合2个试验结果可以发现,专家级运动员和普通大学生均出现了表征动量现象,表明表征动量现象具有相对稳定性和普遍性。同时,在诱导运动范式水平向右运动条件及在平滑运动范式高速运动条件下,健将级排球运动员的表征动量效应小于普通大学生,但是二者的差异与以往采用真实运动场景作为试验材料的表征动量研究结果相反。
The＂Ball Sense＂is one important factor facilitating elite ball players achieving peak performance. The ability to accurately perceive and identify thespeed,direction and course of ball is an important part of the＂ball sense＂. However,the findings from cognitive psychology showed that there was a kind of spa-tial memory of moving object called representational momentum phenomenon,which would influence the individual perceive and judge the position of movingobjects accurately. The present research aimed to compare the difference of representational momentum between expert volleyballers and college studentsthrough two experiments. Implied motion paradigm in experiment 1 and smooth motion paradigm in experiment 2 were used. The results showed that there wassignificant difference on representation momentum between volleyballers and college students under the condition of moving right using implied motion para-digm. Under the condition of high speed,the displacement of college students was larger than that of athletes in smooth motion paradigm. The expertise volley-ballers exhibited smaller representational momentum than college students under the condition of moving right using implied motion paradigm and of high speedusing smooth paradigm. However,the difference between them was opposite to the findings in experiments using real sports scenes.
出处
《天津体育学院学报》
CAS
CSSCI
北大核心
2017年第3期219-225,共7页
Journal of Tianjin University of Sport
基金
国家体育总局体育社会科学研究所基本科研业务费资助项目(项目编号:基本16-05)
关键词
表征动量
移位
运动水平
诱导运动
平滑运动
representational momentum
displacement
athletic level
implied motion
smooth motion
