摘要
目的研究老年人慢性病的影响因素,为老年人慢性病的防治提供有效的建议和措施。方法对黑龙江省第五次卫生服务调查数据进行整理,筛选60岁以上的老年人作为研究对象,影响因素设定为健康行为、身体功能、人际网络、物质条件和社会支持五个维度,采用偏最小二乘-结构方程模型(PLS-SEM)进行统计分析。结果研究样本的慢性病患病率为56.52%。测量模型的组合信度估计值均大于0.8,数据信度良好;因素负荷量的估计值在0.56~0.89之间,均达到可接受水平;平均变异萃取量(AVE)均大于0.5,表明潜变量从观察变量处获得了很好的解释信息。健康行为、身体功能、物质条件和社会支持四个维度与慢性病的发生均呈负相关,健康行为和患病情况的路径系数为-0.395、身体功能和患病情况的路径系数为-0.306、物质条件和患病情况的路径系数为-0.340、社会支持和患病情况的路径系数为-0.244。结论健康行为、身体功能、物质条件和社会支持这四个维度对慢性病有直接作用,同时与人际网络共同构建出复杂的路径实现了对慢性病的综合影响。其中健康行为是慢性病的首要影响因素,健康行为的养成有利于控制慢性病的发生发展;老年人身体功能的退化增加慢性病发生的风险;物质条件和社会支持的提升有利于降低慢性病的发病率,提高老年慢性病患者的生活质量。
Objective To study the influencing factors of chronic diseases among the elderly so as to provide effective advice and measures for their chronic disease prevention and treatment. Methods We sorted the data from the Fifth Health Service Survey in Heilongjiang Province, and then selected the elderly aged 60 years and above to serve as the research subjects. The influencing factors were divided into five dimensions, namely health behavior, physical function, interpersonal network, material condition and social support. Statistical analysis was performed by partial least squares structural equation modeling （PLS- SEM）. Results The prevalence rate of chronic diseases in the research subjects was 56.52%. The composite reliability estimates of the measurement models were all more than 0.8, meaning the reliability of the data was good. The estimates of the factor loadings were between 0.56 -0.89, showing the models were acceptable. The average variance extracted （AVE） values were more than 0.5, indicating latent variables could be well explained by the observation variables. Health behavior, physical function, material condition and social sup- port were all negatively correlated with the occurrence of chronic diseases. The path coefficients of health behavior with chronic dis- eases, physical function with chronic diseases, material condition with chronic diseases, and social support with chronic diseases were -0.395, -0.306, -0.340 and -0.244 respectively. Conclusions Health behavior, physical function, material condition and social support have direct effects on chronic diseases; meanwhile, they interact with interpersonal network to build a complex path and generate the synthetic action on the chronic diseases. Among them, health behavior is the primary factor influencing chronic diseases, and the formation of health behavior is conducive to controlling the occurrence and development of chronic diseases. Degra- dation of body function of the elderly increases the risk of chronic diseases, but improvement of
出处
《实用预防医学》
CAS
2018年第2期132-136,共5页
Practical Preventive Medicine
基金
黑龙江省第六次全国人口普查课题研究(12-3-08)
关键词
结构方程
偏最小二乘
慢性病
影响因素
老年人
structural equation
partial least square
chronic disease
influencing factor
the elderly
