摘要
为揭示黄土丘陵区煤矿开采对土壤理化性质的影响,并为扰动区的恢复治理工作提供一定的理论依据。运用地统计学理论和方法,测定并计算长河流域内0~20、20~40、40~60 cm深度土壤的容重、孔隙度、机械组成、有机质等指标,对煤矿开采对土壤理化性质扰动的统计变化规律、空间结构、空间分布及其成因进行了分析。研究结果表明:扰动区与未扰动区对比,(1)从平均值变化结果来看,土壤容重和砂粒含量增大,孔隙度、粉粒、粘粒和有机质含量减小,其中容重在0~20 cm和砂粒在0~60 cm处显著增大(P<0.05),孔隙度在0~20 cm、有机质在0~40 cm和粉粒在0~60 cm处显著减小(P<0.05),其他各层没有显著变化。(2)煤矿开采导致孔隙度和容重的空间依赖度减弱;煤矿开采使砂粒、粉粒、粘粒和有机质的空间依赖性得到增强,其中0~20 cm处的砂粒和0~60 cm处的有机质由中等空间依赖变为强空间依赖。(3)研究区土壤理化性质在3个土层空间分布上都具有一定的相似性,长河两侧土壤理化性质含量高低分布较为明显。煤炭开采对土壤的破坏分为显性破坏和隐性破坏,并且两者之间存在一定的因果关系,地表产生的沉陷和裂缝会致使土壤板结,改变地表形态,促进土壤空气与大气空气交换,从而使扰动区内土壤理化性质发生变化。研究发现扰动区和未扰动区的土壤理化性质有明显差异,为小流域采煤扰动后土壤理化性质变化及其成因提供一定的系统诊断依据。
The study aims to understand the effect of mining on soil physicochemical properties in loess hilly region, and provide theoretical foundation for restoration and control of mining disturbed zone. Based on the method of Geo-statistics, the authors analyzed the change rule, special structure, distribution and causes of mining on soil physicochemical properties through determining and calculating the indexes of soil bulk density,porosity, mechanical composition and organic matter in 0-20, 20-40 and 40~60 soil layers. The results showed that： compared with undisturbed area：（1） the average change showed that soil bulk density and sand content increased, and bulk density increased significantly at 0-20 cm and sand content increased significantly at 0-60 cm（P〈0.05）; while the porosity, silt content, clay content and organic matter decreased, porosity at 0-20 cm, organic matter at 0-40 cm and silt content at 0-60 cm decreased significantly（P〈0.05）;（2） the spatial dependency degree of porosity and bulk density decreased due to mining; while that of sand, silt, clay andorganic matter increased, among which sand（0-20 cm） and organic matter（0-60 cm） varied from moderate dependency to strong dependency;（3） the distribution of soil physicochemical properties had a certain similarity in three soil layers, that in the two sides of Changhe River was obvious. The damage of soil by mining could be divided into dominant and implicit damage and there was a causal relationship between them. The subsidence and cracks in surface may cause soil compaction and deformation, which promote the exchange of soil air and atmosphere and thus change the physicochemical properties of soil. The results showed that thephysical and chemical properties of soil in the disturbed and undisturbed areas were significantly different,which could provide a systematic diagnostic basis for the changes of soil physical and chemical properties and their causes.
出处
《中国农学通报》
2017年第36期111-118,共8页
Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin
基金
国土资源部公益性行业项目"北方村庄压煤山丘区土地综合整治技术研究"(201411007)
关键词
煤矿开采
扰动区
未扰动区
土壤
理化性质
mining
disturbed zone
undisturbed zone
soil
physicochemical properties
