摘要
为了探讨东北雨养区不同颜色地膜覆盖与种植密度对春玉米干物质积累和产量的影响机制,以良玉99为试验材料,设置3种覆盖处理(裸地、无色透明地膜和黑色地膜覆盖)和5个种植密度(60000、67500、75000、82500和90000株·hm^(-2))完全组合的田间小区试验,对春玉米水热效应、干物质积累和产量性状等进行分析.结果表明:黑膜覆盖明显提高拔节后玉米干物质积累量和生物量,其生物量较其他处理增加3.2%~8.2%;成熟期生物量随着种植密度的增加先增大后减小,以82500株·hm^2最大,较其他密度处理增加5.2%~28.3%.无色透明地膜覆盖处理的前期平均土壤温度较其他处理分别提高0.4~2.7℃,加快了生育进程,提高了玉米茎叶干物质转运量(T)、转运率(TE)和对籽粒产量贡献率(TC);叶和茎+叶干物质的T、TE和TC均以60000株·hm^(-2)密度处理最大,而茎干物质转运效果以75000株·hm^(-2)最优.在抽穗期,黑膜处理的耗水量和日耗水强度最大,分别较其他处理增加10.6%~14.9%和10.6%~24.5%;耗水量和日耗水强度均以90000株·hm^(-2)密度处理最大,较其他处理分别高6.8%~15.7%和7.0%~20.0%.黑膜和82500株·hm^(-2)密度处理组合明显提高了玉米的水分利用效率,较其他处理增加了4.6%~40.9%,其产量较其他处理增加3.0%~39.7%.在抽穗期,玉米茎叶干物质量与玉米产量和产量构成要素的相关性最大;茎叶干物质量每减少1 kg·hm^(-2),群体产量下降约0.79 kg·hm^(-2);茎叶干物质量每降低10%,产量下降10%左右.在增加种植密度的基础上,采用黑色地膜覆盖可以增加春玉米干物质积累量、提高春玉米产量和水分利用效率.
In order to investigate the effect of different colored plastic film mulching and planting density on spring maize dry matter accumulation and yield in the rain-fed area of the Northeast China, a complete combination field experiment which was comprised by three types of mulching （non-mulching, transparent plastic film mulching and black plastic film mulching） and five densities （60000, 67500, 75000, 82500 and 90000 plants·hm-2）, was conducted to analyze the water and heat effect, dry matter accumulation and yield of spring maize （Liangyu 99）. The results showed that, compared with the other mulching treatments, the black plastic film mulching treatment significantly increased the maize dry matter accumulation and maize biomass by 3.2%-8.2%. In mature stage, the biomass increased firstly and then decreased with the increasing plant density. When planting density was 82500 plants·hm-2, the biomass was the highest, which was 5.2%-28.3% higher than that of other plant density treatments. The mean soil temperature in prophase of transparent plastic film mulching treatment was 0.4-2.7 ℃ higher than that of other treatments, which accelerated the maize growth process and augmented the dry matter transportation amount （T）, dry matter transportation efficiency （TE） and contribution rate of dry matter transportation to the grain yield （TC） of maize stalk and leaf. The T, TE, TC of leaf and leaf-stalk under 60000 plants·hm-2 treatment were the highest. The highest T, TE, TC of stalk were observed under 75000 plants·hm-2 treatment. In heading period, the water consumption and daily water consumption intensity of maize under the treatment of black film mulching were the largest, which were 9.4%-10.6% and 10.6%-24.5% higher than that of other mulching treatments, respectively. The highest water consumption and daily water consumption intensity were both obtained under 90000 plants·hm-2 treatment, which increased by 6.8%-15.7% and 7.0%-20.0% compared with other plant density treatments. The combi
出处
《应用生态学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2018年第1期113-124,共12页
Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology
基金
国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201303125)
国家自然科学基金项目(51609137)
国家留学基金资助项目(201308210026)
辽宁省教育厅项目(2009A630
L2014268)资助~~
关键词
地膜颜色
春玉米
耗水特性
干物质转运
产量
plastic film color
spring maize
water consumption characteristics
dry matter transport
yield
