摘要
中国有着悠久的开发利用煤炭的历史,从传统手工开采到近代机器开采的转变则始于晚清。其标志是从德国、英国、法国等西方国家引进以蒸汽机和电力为动力的相关机器设备,同时聘用了一批外国工程技术人员,引进了先进的管理制度、采用了资本主义的经营方式,使中国的煤矿具备了近代工业的基本特点。从洋务运动兴起到辛亥革命前夕,中国出现了国家资本、民间资本、外国资本、中外合资的近百家煤矿。这些煤矿的凿井、掘进、采煤、支护、排水、通风、运输等机器设备大多从西方国家引进或移植。此举不仅使中国的煤炭工业技术面貌发生了根本性的变化,而且对近代中国的交通运输、冶金、化工、建材等工业的发展起到了至关重要的推动作用,对中国工业化、城市化的进程产生了深远的影响。
China has a history of exploiting coal for thousands of years. The shift from traditional manual production to modern machine mining began in the late Qing Dynasty marked by the introduction of machinery and equipment powered by steam engines and electricity from western countries such as Germany,the United Kingdom and France,while a number of foreign engineers and technicians were employed. China's coal mines had the basic characteristics of modern industry with the introduction of advanced management system and capitalist mode of operation. From the rise of the Westernization Drive to the eve of the Revolution of 1911,China had nearly one hundred coal mines with state capital,private capital,foreign capital and Sino-foreign joint ventures. Most of the machinery and equipment of shaft sinking,excavation,coal mining,support,drainage,ventilation,transportation and so on were imported or transplanted from western countries. This move has not only fundamentally changed the technology of China's coal industry,but also played a vital role in promoting the development of transportation,metallurgy,chemical industry and building materials industries in modern China,which had a profound impact on the process of industrialization and urbanization in China.
出处
《湖北理工学院学报（人文社会科学版）》
2018年第1期1-9,共9页
Journal of Hubei Polytechnic University(Humanities And Social Sciences)
基金
国家社科基金一般项目"日本侵华时期中国煤矿工人伤亡研究"
项目编号:16BZS090
关键词
晚清
煤矿
兴起
影响
the late Qing Dynasty
coal mine
rise
influence
