摘要
采用田间试验,以传统滴灌模式为对照,系统研究了以张力计读数制定的实用型滴灌模式对番茄生长、产量、水肥利用率及土壤环境的影响。结果表明,与传统滴灌模式相比,采用实用型滴灌模式(当埋深15 cm的张力计读数大于35 k Pa时进行灌溉施肥,灌水定额为5 mm,每次施纯氮浓度为120 mg/L,氮磷钾比例为1∶0.3∶1.5)可维持番茄植株正常生长,实现节水40.4%,节肥45.6%,产量提高8.6%,灌溉水利用率提高82.1%,肥料偏生产力提高99.5%。并且该模式可显著降低0~20 cm土层的碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾含量及全盐含量,避免表层养分及盐分累积,显著降低深层土壤20~40 cm的土壤含水量,避免土壤根层水分向下运移造成水分浪费。
A field experiment is conducted to systematically study the effects of the practical drip irrigation mode according to tensiometer on tomato growth and yield, water and nutrients use efficiencies, and soil environment, with the traditional drip irrigation mode as contrast treatment. The results show that the practical drip irrigation mode, in which when the measuring value of tensiometer buried 15 em depth is greater than 35 kPa, the fertigation is conducted with the irrigation amount of 5 ram, the nitrogen concentration of 120 mg/L, and the ratio among nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of 1 ： 0.3 ： 1.5, can maintain the normal growth of tomato plants, and water amount is saved by 40.4%, fertilizer input is saved by 45.6%, yield is increased by 8.6%, irrigation water use efficiency is increased by 82.1%, and partial productivity of fertilizer is promoted by 99.50/0. In addition, this mode can significantly reduce contents of alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium and total salt in 0 ~ 20 cm soil layer, avoids surface nutrients and salt accumulation, and can significantly decrease soil water content in 20-40 cm soil layer and avoids downward migration of soil water.
作者
梁新书
张金良
廉晓娟
杨军
张余良
王正祥
王艳
LIANG Xin-shu;ZHANG Jin-liang;LIAN Xiao-juan;YANG Jun;ZHANG Yu-liang;WANG Zheng-xiang;WANG Yan(Tianjin Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Tianjin 300192)
出处
《节水灌溉》
北大核心
2017年第12期1-4,共4页
Water Saving Irrigation
基金
天津市科技支撑重点项目(17YFZCNC00280)
天津市农业科学院院长基金项目(17009)
国家科技支撑计划(2015BAD23B01-5)
关键词
滴灌
番茄
施肥
实用型
drip irrigation
tomato
fertilizer
practical
