摘要
合成生物学是近年来融合生物、化学和工程等学科的新兴交叉研究领域,推动人类由理解生命到创造生命的革新.体外合成生物学不依赖生命体,在试管等媒介中研究生命活动和规律,是合成生物学重要的前沿领域.作为体外合成生物学最重要的研究平台,无细胞蛋白合成系统利用外源DNA或mRNA直接在体外合成目标蛋白质,不依赖于细胞结构,突破传统生物方法的局限,具有简便、快速、可控性强和绿色经济等优点,同时为理解生命进化和人工创造生命系统提供了重要的研究模型.本文综述了无细胞蛋白合成系统的发展历程、组成、类型、优势等,并对其在高通量蛋白质和药物合成方面的应用进行了总结.
Synthetic biology is an emerging interdisciplinary field covering the subjects of biology, chemistry and engineering, which promotes the progress from understanding life to creating living systems. As one of important forefront directions of synthetic biology, in vitro synthetic biology （IVSB） focuses on studying the phenomenon and rules of life activities in testing tubes, not relying on living organisms. Cell-free protein synthesis （CFPS） is an effective research platform for IVSB, which utilizes ex- ogenous DNA or mRNA as genetic information for synthesizing protein in vitro, instead of traditional protein expression in cells. CFPS possesses superior advantages over cell-based systems including convenience, simplicity, rapidness, excellent con- trollability and green economy. Moreover, CFPS is a robust research model for exploration of life evolution and creation of artificial living system. Since 1958, it has been demonstrated for the first time that proteins could be synthesized from cell extract; and afterwards, CFPS has emerged to not only a promising platform for proteomics and pharmaceutics, but also a significant tool for revelation of chemical basis of cells and exploration of origins of life. Cell extracts contained basic transcription and translation machin- eries, energy regeneration substrates, amino acids, nucleotides and cofactors. A variety of cell extracts have been created from different cell sources such as Escherichia coli （E.coli）, wheat germ, yeast and rabbit reticulocyte. E.coli was the earliest pro- karyotic system and most widely used due to its high production yield, short production cycle and low cost. The protein yields of E. coli system could reach up to several milligrams per milliliter of reaction. Eukaryotic systems such as wheat germ and rabbit reticulocyte although less productive, provided more robust platform for studying protein functions, in particular for post-translationally modified proteins. Different production formats of CFPS have been developed and class
出处
《科学通报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2017年第33期3851-3860,共10页
Chinese Science Bulletin
关键词
合成生物学
无细胞蛋白合成
高通量蛋白合成
蛋白药物
synthetic biology, cell-free protein synthesis, high-throughput protein synthesis, protein drugs
